High-resolution genotype-phenotype map of speciation and adaptation

物种形成和适应的高分辨率基因型-表型图

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03755
• 负责人: Landry, Christian
• 金额: $ 6.56万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=656541
• 关键词: resolution; genotype; phenotype; map; speciation

Understanding how mutations, random genetic drift and natural selection interact with ecological factors to drive evolution is one of the greatest challenges in biology. Achieving this goal requires that we understand how changes in genes lead to changes in phenotypes. This genotype-to-phenotype mapping involves drawing mechanistic links between phenotypic changes and their underlying molecular bases at intermediate levels (transcripts, proteins, metabolites, cellular networks) between the genotype (DNA) and fitness. The mechanisms by which genotypes are translated into phenotypes is itself, along with evolutionary forces such as mutation and natural selection, a major determinant of what solutions are possible and will be used during evolution. My objective is to examine how genomes and cellular networks change during evolution and how the architecture of cellular networks can itself influence the course of evolution in interaction with environmental changes. I will reach this objective by combining two approaches. The first one is prospective and will use experimental evolution. I will test hypotheses regarding the role of cellular network architecture in shaping adaptation and speciation and the role of adaptation and speciation in shaping cellular networks. My model system will be the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most advanced model system in systems and cell biology. The second approach is retrospective. I will exploit a model system for adaptation and speciation that we recently discovered in the wild, the budding yeast S. paradoxus, which is the sister species of the model S. cerevisiae. S. paradoxus offers a unique opportunity to study adaptation and speciation in the wild in a species that is very closely related to a model for which cellular networks are extensively described. I will use this system to map the genetic determinants of adaptation and reproductive isolation in nature and map the genes involved onto the yeast cellular network. The ability to combine well described organisms at the molecular level with evolutionary studies will bring findings that have not been accessible to the general ecology and evolution community nor to the cell biology community. My research will i) illuminate our understanding of the emergence of complex biological systems and functions through evolution; ii) make possible predictions on how the evolution of biodiversity will proceed in response to global environmental changes and iii) allow forecasting and controlling evolution in animal and plant sciences, such as in the case of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and fungi. Finally, learning on how cellular network architecture influences evolution will enable the use of evolutionary principles in the context of biotechnologies to build tools and organisms that will serve Human's future and sustainable development.

了解突变，随机遗传漂移和自然选择如何与生态因素相互作用以驱动进化是生物学中最大的挑战之一。实现这一目标需要我们了解基因的变化如何导致表型的变化。这种基因型到表型映射涉及在中等水平（转录本，蛋白质，代谢物，细胞网络）和适应性之间的表型变化与它们的潜在分子碱之间的机械联系。将基因型转化为表型的机制本身就是突变和自然选择等进化力，这是可能的溶液的主要确定源，并将在进化过程中使用。我的目的是检查在进化过程中基因组和细胞网络如何变化，以及蜂窝网络的结构本身如何影响与环境变化相互作用的进化过程。我将通过结合两种方法来实现这一目标。第一个是前瞻性的，将使用实验进化。我将测试有关细胞网络结构在塑造适应和规范中的作用以及适应性和规范在塑造细胞网络中的作用的假设。我的模型系统将是酿酒酵母的萌芽酵母菌，这是系统和细胞生物学中最先进的模型系统。第二种方法是回顾性。我将利用我们最近在野外发现的适应和规范的模型系统，即萌芽的酵母菌S. paradoxus，这是S. cerevisiae模型的姐妹物种。 S. paradoxus提供了一个独特的机会，可以在与广泛描述细胞网络密切相关的物种中研究野生中的适应和规格。我将使用该系统来绘制自然界适应性和生殖隔离的遗传决定者，并将涉及的基因映射到酵母细胞网络上。能够在分子水平上结合描述良好的生物与进化研究的能力将带来一般生态学和进化界也无法获得的发现，也不是细胞生物学界的。我的研究将我通过进化来阐明我们对复杂生物系统和功能的出现的理解； ii）可以预测生物多样性的进化如何响应全球环境变化和iii）允许动物和植物科学的预测和控制进化，例如在细菌和真菌中具有抗生素耐药性。最后，了解蜂窝网络体系结构如何影响进化将使在生物技术的背景下使用进化原则，以建立将服务于人类未来和可持续发展的工具和组织。