High-resolution genotype-phenotype map of speciation and adaptation

物种形成和适应的高分辨率基因型-表型图

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03755
• 负责人: Landry, Christian
• 金额: $ 6.56万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=656541
• 关键词: resolution; genotype; phenotype; map; speciation

Understanding how mutations, random genetic drift and natural selection interact with ecological factors to drive evolution is one of the greatest challenges in biology. Achieving this goal requires that we understand how changes in genes lead to changes in phenotypes. This genotype-to-phenotype mapping involves drawing mechanistic links between phenotypic changes and their underlying molecular bases at intermediate levels (transcripts, proteins, metabolites, cellular networks) between the genotype (DNA) and fitness. The mechanisms by which genotypes are translated into phenotypes is itself, along with evolutionary forces such as mutation and natural selection, a major determinant of what solutions are possible and will be used during evolution. My objective is to examine how genomes and cellular networks change during evolution and how the architecture of cellular networks can itself influence the course of evolution in interaction with environmental changes. I will reach this objective by combining two approaches. The first one is prospective and will use experimental evolution. I will test hypotheses regarding the role of cellular network architecture in shaping adaptation and speciation and the role of adaptation and speciation in shaping cellular networks. My model system will be the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most advanced model system in systems and cell biology. The second approach is retrospective. I will exploit a model system for adaptation and speciation that we recently discovered in the wild, the budding yeast S. paradoxus, which is the sister species of the model S. cerevisiae. S. paradoxus offers a unique opportunity to study adaptation and speciation in the wild in a species that is very closely related to a model for which cellular networks are extensively described. I will use this system to map the genetic determinants of adaptation and reproductive isolation in nature and map the genes involved onto the yeast cellular network. The ability to combine well described organisms at the molecular level with evolutionary studies will bring findings that have not been accessible to the general ecology and evolution community nor to the cell biology community. My research will i) illuminate our understanding of the emergence of complex biological systems and functions through evolution; ii) make possible predictions on how the evolution of biodiversity will proceed in response to global environmental changes and iii) allow forecasting and controlling evolution in animal and plant sciences, such as in the case of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and fungi. Finally, learning on how cellular network architecture influences evolution will enable the use of evolutionary principles in the context of biotechnologies to build tools and organisms that will serve Human's future and sustainable development.

了解突变、随机遗传漂变和自然选择如何与生态因素相互作用以推动进化是生物学中最大的挑战之一。实现这一目标需要我们了解基因的变化如何导致表型的变化。这种基因型-表型映射涉及在基因型（DNA）和适应性之间的中间水平（转录物、蛋白质、代谢物、细胞网络）上绘制表型变化及其潜在分子基础之间的机械联系。基因型转化为表型的机制本身，沿着进化的力量，如突变和自然选择，是进化过程中可能使用和将使用的解决方案的主要决定因素。我的目标是研究基因组和细胞网络如何在进化过程中发生变化，以及细胞网络的结构本身如何在与环境变化的相互作用中影响进化过程。我将通过结合两种方法来实现这一目标。第一个是前瞻性的，将使用实验进化。我将测试有关蜂窝网络架构在塑造适应和物种形成中的作用以及适应和物种形成在塑造蜂窝网络中的作用的假设。我的模型系统将是芽殖酵母酿酒酵母，系统和细胞生物学中最先进的模型系统。第二种方法是回顾性的。我将利用我们最近在野外发现的一个适应和物种形成的模型系统，即芽殖酵母S。paradoxus是模式种S.啤酒。S. paradoxus提供了一个独特的机会来研究野生物种的适应和物种形成，这种物种与细胞网络被广泛描述的模型非常密切相关。我将使用这个系统来绘制自然界中适应和生殖隔离的遗传决定因素，并将相关基因绘制到酵母细胞网络上。联合收割机在分子水平上与进化研究相结合的能力将带来一般生态学和进化界以及细胞生物学界都无法获得的发现。我的研究将i）阐明我们对复杂生物系统的出现和通过进化的功能的理解; ii）对生物多样性的进化将如何应对全球环境变化做出可能的预测，iii）允许预测和控制动物和植物科学的进化，例如细菌和真菌的抗生素耐药性。最后，了解细胞网络结构如何影响进化将使生物技术背景下的进化原理能够用于构建服务于人类未来和可持续发展的工具和生物体。