Electric Bus Transit System in Canadian Cities: Adaptive Network Analysis and Optimization Toolkit

耗资68亿美元的加拿大公共交通服务是加拿大城市的基本组成部分。它每年提供超过210万次旅行，为2200多万加拿大人提供移动性和无障碍服务。然而，公交服务贡献了加拿大温室气体(GHG)排放总量的近12%。随着加拿大寻求履行其《巴黎协定》的承诺，对公共汽车运输服务电气化的需求日益增加，以减少与运输相关的温室气体排放。公共交通的电气化还将受益于加拿大清洁的发电概况，其平均碳排放强度非常低，为167 tCO2e/GWh。因此，电动巴士(e-bus)公交的实施将减少大约85%与公交相关的温室气体排放，大大改善空气质量并改善公众健康。*在这方面，加拿大公交利益相关者面临着实施新技术的前所未有的机遇，但内在的挑战也是存在的。这主要是因为目前的公共交通服务是根据内燃机的优点设计的，与电动公交车相比，内燃机提供了显著不同的运营概况和能源需求。*拟议的研究计划旨在通过开发自适应e-bus系统设计工具包，使e-bus能够在加拿大的公共交通服务中使用。该工具包将帮助设计、配置和运营e-bus交通系统的决策过程。拟议研究方案的三个相互关联的重点领域是为了解决阻碍电动公交车使用的关键挑战。重点领域I将为电动公交车在全公交网络上的运营开发先进的时空模拟模型。这些模拟模型将量化e-bus在加拿大各种交通网络中的网络层面的运营效率。重点领域二将包括开发量化最佳e-bus系统级配置的优化模型。此外，它还将涉及e-bus系统在不同公交网络上的健壮性的量化。重点领域三将致力于开发多变量数据分析预测模型，这将使e-bus系统能够在任何运输网络上配置。这些模型将有助于开发自适应的通用电子巴士系统设计工具包。*总体而言，公共汽车温室气体排放对社会经济和环境的深远影响需要向零尾气排放的电子公共汽车交通系统的范式转变。拟议的研究计划将为加拿大城市实施、运营和优化电子公交系统提供直接和强大的决策支持工具。它将帮助加拿大的行业和各级政府推进电动公交车在交通中的使用。

The $6.8 billion Canadian bus transit service represents a fundamental component of Canadian cities. It provides over 2.1 million trips every year and offers mobility and accessibility to over 22 million Canadians. However, the bus transit service contributes to almost 12% of Canada's overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As Canada looks to meet its Paris Agreement commitment, there is an increasing demand for the electrification of bus transit service to reduce transit-related GHG emissions. The electrification of bus transit will also benefit from the clean Canadian electricity generation profile that has, on average, a very low carbon emission intensity of 167 tCO2e/GWh. Therefore, the implementation of electric bus (e-Bus) transit would eliminate approximately 85% of transit-related GHG emissions, substantially enhancing air quality and improving public health.***In this respect, Canadian transit stakeholders are facing unprecedented opportunities to implementing the new technology, yet challenges are inherent. This is mainly because the current bus transit service is designed on the merits of the internal combustion engine, which offers, compared to e-Bus, a significantly different operational profile and energy demand. ***The proposed research program is structured to enable the utilization of e-Buses in the Canadian transit service by developing an adaptive e-Bus system design toolkit. This toolkit will aid the decision-making process of designing, configuring, and operating an e-Bus transit system. The three interrelated focus areas of the proposed research program are developed to address key challenges hindering the utilization of e-Buses. FOCUS AREA I will develop advanced spatiotemporal simulation models for e-Bus operation on a full-transit network. The simulation models will quantify the operational efficiency of the e-Bus at a network-level across various Canadian transit networks. FOCUS AREA II will include the development of optimization models that quantify the optimal e-Bus system-level configuration. In addition, it will involve the quantification of e-Bus system robustness at different transit networks. FOCUS AREA III will aim at developing multivariate data analysis prediction models, which will enable the configuration of the e-Bus system at any transit network. These models will facilitate the development of an adaptive generic e-Bus system design toolkit.***Overall, the profound socio-economic and environmental impacts of bus transit GHG emissions necessitate a paradigm shift towards an e-Bus transit system with zero tailpipe emission. The proposed research program will provide direct and robust decision-support tool for implementing, operating and optimizing an e-Bus transit system in Canadian cities. It will help industries and different levels of government in Canada to advance the utilization of e-Bus in transit.