Mechanisms regulating transendothelial transport of endocrine hormones and their significance

***哺乳动物在适应环境时所面临的挑战必须严格控制，以确保最佳的生理功能。为了实现这一目标，哺乳动物进化出了各种管家系统（主要由激素调节），以维持健康的身体功能。许多这些激素在血液中流动，这就是它们到达身体各个部位的方式。为了对目标细胞或身体部位产生影响，激素必须从哺乳动物的循环中退出并进入该组织。我们认为，了解这种情况是如何发生的，是哺乳动物生理学的一个研究不足的领域。在这里，我们将研究一种激素是如何穿过所有血管内壁的细胞屏障的，我们特别关注相邻细胞之间的运动。******哺乳动物必须对广泛的环境线索做出正确的反应，在这项研究中，我们将重点关注营养的影响，特别是铁的影响。这是一种生命必需的微量元素，是许多膳食补充剂的组成部分，但也知道在高剂量下是有毒的。我们将研究铁如何改变激素从血液中移动的能力，穿过血管壁，进入它可以引发生物效应的区域。******总而言之，我们认为这是一个非常重要但未被重视的生理学领域。由于这一研究领域的信息匮乏，我们的研究将为动物生理学家建立新的知识，这可能对了解有多少环境因素可以改变激素的工作能力和维持正常身体功能具有重要意义。

***The challenges faced by mammals in adapting to their environment must be tightly controlled in order to ensure the best physiological function. To achieve this, mammals have evolved to have various housekeeping systems (mostly mediated by hormones) that maintain a healthy body function. Many of these hormones travel in the bloodstream and this is how they reach to various parts of the body. To have an effect on the target cell or body part, a hormone must exit from the circulation of the mammal and enter that tissue. We believe that understanding how this happens is an understudied area of mammalian physiology. Here we will study how a hormone moves across the barrier of cells lining all blood vessels and in particular we focus on movement between adjacent cells. ******Mammals must respond correctly to a wide spectrum of environmental cues and in this research we will focus on nutritional influences, in particular that of iron. This ia a trace element essential for life, a constituent of many dietary supplements, and yet also known to be toxic at high doses. We will examine how iron alters the ability of hormones to move from the bloodstream, across the blood vessel wall, and into the region where it can elicit biological effects.******In summary, we think this is a very important and underappreciated area of physiolgy. With a paucity of information in this field of study, our research will establish new knowledge for animal physiologists that may be of significance in understanding how many environmental factors can change the ability of hormones to work and maintain normal body function.