Arctic marine cryospheric chemistry

北极海洋冰冻圈化学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06000
• 负责人: Wang, Feiyue
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=668061
• 关键词: Arctic; marine; cryospheric; chemistry

The Arctic sea ice environment has been undergoing dramatic changes in recent decades. Associated with these changes is improved accessibility to the Arctic region for industrial and socioeconomic development, as well as increased ecological and human health risk posed by chemical contaminants. My research program pursues fundamental and original studies on freezing-temperature (<0°C) chemical reactions, or cryo-reactions, occurring in the Arctic marine cryosphere and their climatic, environmental and engineering implications. Over the next five years, my team and I (including two B.Sc., four M.Sc. and four Ph.D. students, and two technicians) will characterize and parameterize chemical reactions occurring at temperature, salinity, and light conditions resembling those of the Arctic marine cryosphere including sea ice, the overlying snow and underlying seawater. The focus will be on cryo-reactions involving carbon dioxide, mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, because of their respective importance as a greenhouse gas, and as legacy and emerging contaminants of concern in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Most experimental studies will be carried out at a dedicated Arctic Cryospheric Laboratory under fully controlled conditions, whereas microcosm- and mesocosm-scale studies will be performed with “experimental” or natural sea ice at the internationally unique Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility and the Churchill Marine Observatory. The results will allow for the development of a chemical speciation model for cryospheric conditions, which will then be incorporated into circum-Arctic and global chemical transport models to project the fate of carbon dioxide and other contaminants under various emission and climate scenarios.*** Cryo-reactions and cryospheric chemistry are new scientific frontiers, with great potentials for major scientific discoveries of new reaction pathways and mechanisms at freezing temperatures, and for technological development related to remediation and management of chemical contaminants in the Northern environment. As Northern development is strategically important to the Inuit, all Canadians and the world, this research program will provide urgently needed knowledge to inform and improve policies, practices and adaptation strategies to balance the long-term economic and socio-societal benefits of such development while protecting the Arctic environmental and ecological integrity. The highly qualified personnel trained by this program will be in high demand in industry, governments or academia as we grapple with the unprecedented opportunities and challenges associated with the opening of Canada's Third Ocean.**

近几十年来，北极海冰环境发生了巨大变化。与这些变化相关的是，北极地区的工业和社会经济发展更容易进入，化学污染物对生态和人类健康造成的风险也更大。我的研究计划追求对冻结温度（<0°C）化学反应或低温反应的基础和原创性研究，发生在北极海洋冰冻圈及其气候，环境和工程影响。在接下来的五年里，我和我的团队（包括两个B.Sc.，四个硕士和四个博士研究人员（包括一名学生和两名技术人员）将描述和参数化在类似于北极海洋冰冻圈（包括海冰、覆盖的雪和底层海水）的温度、盐度和光照条件下发生的化学反应。重点将放在涉及二氧化碳、汞和多环芳烃的低温反应上，因为它们分别是重要的温室气体，也是北极海洋生态系统中令人关切的遗留和新出现的污染物。大多数实验研究将在一个专门的北极冰冻圈实验室在完全受控的条件下进行，而微观和中观尺度的研究将在国际上独一无二的海冰环境研究设施和丘吉尔海洋观测站用“实验”或天然海冰进行。研究结果将有助于开发一个冰冻圈条件下的化学形态模型，然后将其纳入环北极和全球化学迁移模型，以预测二氧化碳和其他污染物在各种排放和气候情景下的归宿。 低温反应和低温层化学是新的科学前沿，具有重大的科学发现的新的反应途径和机制，在北方环境中的化学污染物的修复和管理相关的技术开发的巨大潜力。由于北方发展对因纽特人、所有加拿大人和全世界都具有重要的战略意义，该研究计划将提供急需的知识，以通报和改进政策、做法和适应战略，平衡这种发展的长期经济和社会社会效益，同时保护北极环境和生态的完整性。该计划培养的高素质人才将在工业，政府或学术界的高需求，因为我们与加拿大的第三大洋开放相关的前所未有的机遇和挑战的斗争。