Beam Monitoring and High-Level Trigger Equipment for the Belle II Experiment

贝儿II实验将位于日本筑波 * KEK实验室的SuperKEKB e+e对撞机上。它是成功的贝儿和BaBar实验的继承者，这两个实验因其对CP破坏现象的贡献而在2008年诺贝尔物理学奖中被引用。贝儿II的主要物理目标是通过对重虚粒子的存在敏感的广泛的测量来寻找新物理的证据，并且可以在标准模型中精确地预测。这些测量可能包括CP破坏和其他 * 不对称，罕见衰变或禁止衰变。这些测量的质量范围可以超过ATLAS和CMS的直接搜索。如果在大型强子对撞机上发现了新的物理学，贝儿二号就可以通过寻找一种偏离标准模型的模式来探索它的本质，而这种偏离在强子对撞机上是不可行的。如果LHC没有发现新的物理学，贝儿II测量将通过发现新的现象和偏离标准模型的期望，或者通过排除新物理学的假设模型，为超越标准模型理论提供关键的指导。贝儿二号还将对新的轻粒子的直接产生敏感，包括那些由暗物质的暗扇形模型预测的粒子，或者额外的希格斯粒子，这些粒子在大型强子对撞机上很难检测到。实验 * 还将继续探索弱力和CP破坏，这是BaBar和贝儿 * 成功完成的项目。所要求的资金将使加拿大小组能够完成其建造永久性 * 硬件的责任，用于快速实时SuperKEKB光束背景监测。四个LYSO晶体辐射监测器 * 将垂直于碰撞器平面安装在电磁量能计屏蔽中，并将提供 * 设备，用于安装塑料闪烁体探测器，安装在最后的 * 聚焦磁体低温恒温器外部。还需要资金购买设备，以进一步完成对 * 贝儿II高级触发器（HLT）的贡献，该触发器可以真实的时间接收探测器数据，快速分析它，并 * 确定哪些e+e碰撞永久离线存储。本底辐射和HLT设备 * 是贝儿II在2018-19年期间分阶段调试所必需的，分别需要完成 * 辐射监测覆盖范围和增加废物处理能力。这项研究将促进世界范围内对宇宙中物质基本成分的粒子物理学知识。加拿大在这一请求中设计和制造的硬件将构成贝儿II试验的一部分，并将为高素质人员提供独特的培训，这些人员的能力得到加强，有助于加拿大今后在私营和公共部门获得知识和进行经济上有益的创新。

The Belle II experiment will be located at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider at the KEK laboratory in***Tsukuba, Japan. It is the successor to the successful Belle and BaBar experiments, which were cited***for their contributions to the phenomenon of CP violation in the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics. The***primary physics goal of Belle II is to search for evidence of new physics through a wide range of***measurements that are sensitive to the presence of heavy virtual particles, and that can be precisely***predicted in the Standard Model. These measurements could include CP violation and other***asymmetries, rare decays, or forbidden decays.******The mass reach of these measurements can exceed that of the direct searches by ATLAS and CMS. If***new physics is found at the LHC, Belle II can explore its nature by looking for a pattern of deviations***from the Standard Model in ways that are not feasible at a hadron collider. If new physics is not***discovered at the LHC, Belle II measurements will provide critical guidance towards beyond***the-standard-model theories by either discovering new phenomena and deviations from Standard***Model expectations, or by excluding hypothesized models of new physics. Belle II will also be sensitive***to the direct production of new light particles, including those predicted by dark sector models of dark***matter, or additional Higgs particles, particles that will be difficult to detect at the LHC. The experiment***will also continue the exploration of the weak force and CP violation, a program successfully followed***by BaBar and Belle.******The funds requested will enable the Canadian group to complete its responsibilities to construct permanent***hardware for fast real-time SuperKEKB-beam background monitoring. Four LYSO-crystal radiation monitors***will be mounted orthogonally to the collider plane in the electromagnetic calorimeter shielding, and***equipment will be provided for the installation of plastic scintillator detectors to be mounted outside the final***focussing-magnet cryostats. Funds are also requested for equipment to further complete a contribution to***the Belle II high-level trigger (HLT), which receives detector data in real time, rapidly analyses it, and***determines which e+e- collisions to store permanently offline. The background-radiation and HLT equipment***are necessitated by the phased commissioning of Belle II during 2018-19, requiring completion of***radiation-monitor coverage and increased trigger-processing capacity, respectively.******This research will further worldwide particle-physics knowledge of the fundamental constituents of***matter in our Universe. The Canadian designed and built hardware in this request will constitute a part***of the Belle II experiment and will provide unique training of highly qualified personnel, individuals with***enhanced capacity to contribute to future Canadian knowledge acquisition and economically beneficial***innovation in the private and public sectors.