Enhancing the Scientific Understanding of Nanoparticle Formation in Flames

增强对火焰中纳米颗粒形成的科学理解

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04699
• 负责人: Thomson, Murray
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=685234
• 关键词: Enhancing; Scientific; Understanding; Nanoparticle; Formation

Combustion-derived nanoparticles, such as soot, are known to have adverse effects on human health and the environment. In terms of health effects, soot particles have been linked to heart and lung disease, along with various other health complications. In terms of environmental effects, soot is considered to be one of the most significant contributors to global warming, behind CO2, due to its strong radiative properties. For these reasons, stricter regulations are now targeting particulate emissions in both automotive and aviation engines.****A fundamental understanding of soot formation is needed in order to develop predictive models and better combustor designs. With stricter regulations come into place, industry has a strong desire for accurate predictive soot models to aid the design process. However there is an urgent need for a more fundamental understanding as many soot formation and oxidation processes are poorly understood. These processes include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation, soot inception, soot nucleation, soot growth by the addition of small hydrocarbon species, and soot growth by PAH adsorption on the surface.****The long term vision of my research is to develop a robust model of soot formation that can predict the mass, size distribution and aggregate structure of soot in flames. The model would need to predict how the soot formation changes as we change the flame's temperature, pressure, fuel structure, mixing and residence time. In order to achieve this, the model would need to be based on fundamental processes and avoid fitted parameters (as is the case today). Detailed experimental measurements are needed in a variety of flame conditions to investigate these processes and rigorously validate the model.****Short term objectives include (1) addressing each soot formation process that is currently not well understood, (2) developing a comprehensive dataset of soot formation for a relevant set of fuel molecules and (3) developing an experimental setup for premixed stagnation flames. Thus a model of soot formation will be developed that (1) captures the fundamental physics that is occurring and reduces the number of adjusted parameters that are currently fitted to experiments, (2) focuses on fuel molecules relevant to practical fuels and (3) is validated on a wide range of non-premixed and premixed flame experiments.****The multidisciplinary nature of soot formation makes it an excellent training area for students in the thermo-sciences research area. It provides a comprehensive background in the thermo-sciences as understanding sooting flames requires knowledge of processes such as fluid dynamics, mass and heat transfer, thermodynamics, aerosol dynamics, chemical reactions, phase change and radiation heat transfer. This opens opportunities for students in a wide range of thermo-science fields.****

燃烧产生的纳米颗粒，如煤烟，已知对人类健康和环境有不利影响。在对健康的影响方面，烟尘颗粒与心肺疾病以及其他各种健康并发症有关。在环境影响方面，烟尘被认为是导致全球变暖的最重要因素之一，仅次于二氧化碳，因为它具有很强的辐射特性。出于这些原因，现在更严格的法规针对汽车和航空发动机的颗粒物排放。*为了开发预测模型和更好的燃烧室设计，需要对碳烟形成有基本的了解。随着更严格的法规出台，工业界对准确的预测烟尘模型以帮助设计过程的愿望非常强烈。然而，由于许多烟尘的形成和氧化过程知之甚少，迫切需要对其有一个更基本的了解。这些过程包括多环芳烃(PAH)的形成、碳烟的初始形成、碳烟的成核、通过添加小碳氢化合物而增长的碳烟以及通过多环芳烃在表面的吸附而增长的碳烟。*我研究的长期愿景是开发一个稳健的碳烟形成模型，该模型可以预测火焰中碳烟的质量、尺寸分布和聚集结构。该模型需要预测当我们改变火焰的温度、压力、燃料结构、混合和停留时间时，烟尘的形成如何变化。为了实现这一点，模型将需要以基本过程为基础，并避免拟合参数(就像今天的情况一样)。需要在各种火焰条件下进行详细的实验测量，以研究这些过程并严格验证模型。*短期目标包括(1)解决目前尚不清楚的每个碳烟形成过程，(2)为相关燃料分子开发一个全面的碳烟形成数据集，以及(3)开发预混滞留火焰的实验装置。因此，将开发一个碳烟形成模型，该模型(1)捕捉正在发生的基本物理并减少当前适用于实验的调整参数的数量，(2)专注于与实际燃料相关的燃料分子，(3)在广泛的非预混和预混火焰实验中得到验证。*碳烟形成的多学科性质使其成为热科学研究领域学生的极好培训领域。它提供了热力学的全面背景知识，因为了解煤烟火焰需要了解流体动力学、质量和热传递、热力学、气溶胶动力学、化学反应、相变和辐射热传递等过程的知识。这为学生在广泛的热科学领域提供了机会。