Evaluating the Interfaces and Interactions between Decision Makers and Decision Support and Information Systems in Electronic Business to Improve Decision Maker Effectiveness

人机系统研究是工业工程的一个子集，包括评估如何最好地使用户能够通过人机接口与基于计算机的系统进行交互。我们的目标是调查和评估在电子商务中改善决策者和基于计算机的决策支持和信息系统(以下称为决策支持和信息系统)之间的交互(通过接口)如何提高决策者的有效性。*电子商务为决策者提供访问互联网上大量可用产品的信息，并从各种基于决策支持和信息系统的来源提供评价信息和建议；包括：产品推荐代理(根据买家的需求做出购买推荐)、专家建议、其他消费者的评论以及社会和专业网络。虽然这些有助于做出更明智的选择，但缺点是，关于产品的如此广泛的信息可能会导致决策者的信息和认知过载；此外，建议和信息源可能会提供不同的建议，从而增加协调它们以找到最佳行动方案的额外负担。*这项拟议研究计划的总体目标是改善电子商务中的采购决策，以提高加拿大组织的效率和效力。为了实现这一目标，我计划研究：*1)如何帮助决策者应对复杂性，使他们能够应用寻求一致性的策略，找到由多种来源提供的建议的共性，例如推荐代理和专家的建议。*2)如何通过允许推荐改进反馈来指示如何调整建议以实现更好地符合决策者需求的个性化，从而实现决策支持系统与决策者之间的一致性。*3)如何增加决策支持系统对决策支持系统的控制，以减少对决策支持系统建议的负面反应，从而允许人的创造性，并增加利用决策支持信息系统的可能性*4)了解一组决策者(而不是一个人)如何最好地与基于计算机的决策支持系统交互，以及什么类型的接口适合于这种交互。*这项研究计划之所以重要，是因为：1)在电子商务中如何整合来自多个来源的建议的工作很少，2)到目前为止，重点一直放在调查个别决策者上，很大程度上忽视了通过在电子商务中使用决策支持信息系统对群体决策的潜在支持，3)我们需要了解如何让用户控制他们的决策信息系统，而不是强加限制性或自动化的系统，从而在决策中允许个人和群体的创造力，以便最好地将人民的专业知识与决策信息系统的专业知识结合起来，以实现更好的协同作用。

Research in human-computer systems, a subset of Industrial Engineering, includes the assessment of how to best enable users to interact with computer-based systems via human-computer interfaces. Our goal is to investigate and evaluate how improving the interaction (via interfaces) between decision-makers and computer-based decision support and information systems (henceforth referred to as DSIS) in electronic business increases decision-makers' effectiveness.******Electronic-business provides decision-makers access to information about a vast array of products available on the Internet, and providing evaluative information and advice from a variety of DSIS sources; including: product recommendation agents (which make purchasing recommendations based on the needs elicited from buyers), experts' advice, other consumers' reviews, as well as social and professional networks. While these help make more informed choices, the downside is that such extensive information about products may cause information and cognitive overload for the decision-maker; plus, recommendations and information sources might provide divergent advice, creating the additional burden of reconciling them to find the best course of action.******The overall objective of this proposed research program is to improve purchasing decision-making in electronic commerce in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Canadian organizations. Towards achieving this goal, I plan to investigate:******1) How to help decision-makers cope with complexity by enabling them to apply consistency seeking strategies to find commonalities of advice provided by a multitude of sources, such as, recommendation agents and experts' advice. ***2) How to achieve consistency between DSIS and decision-makers by allowing recommendation improvement feedback to indicate how the recommendations can be adjusted to achieve better personalization with decision-makers' needs.***3) How to increase the decision-maker's control over DSIS to reduce negative reactance to DSIS recommendations in order to allow for human creativity, and increase the likelihood of DSIS utilization***4) Understanding how a group of decision-makers (rather than one individual) can best interact with computer-based DSIS and what type of interfaces are suitable for such interactions.******This research program is important since: 1)There is little work on how advice provided from multiple sources in electronic-business can be integrated, 2) To date the focus has been on investigating individual decision-makers, largely ignoring potential support for group decision-making via DSIS use in electronic-business, 3) We need to understand how to allow for individual and group creativity in decision-making by putting users in control of their DSIS, rather than imposing restrictive or automated systems, to best combine peoples' expertise with that of DSIS for better synergies.