Future Applications Based on Newly Developed Low Loss Guiding Structure

2010年，移动的数据产生的流量是语音通话的两倍，但在2015年，移动的数据是语音通话的25倍以上。此外，智能手机数据流量的月使用量预计将在2015年至2021年期间从2 GB增长到18 GB。因此，在不久的将来，消费者对高数据速率5G无线系统的需求将是巨大的。为了保证5G的广泛使用，相关产品的定价必须很低。因此，需要毫米波无线系统。然而，在设计毫米波模块时，存在大量的技术因素和机械挑战，例如更小的尺寸、更高的系统密度、封装和串扰抑制以及更低的功耗。近年来，低损耗脊隙波导（RGW）被开发用于探索和开发具有达到THz潜力的毫米波频率。RGW提供若干优点，例如宽带（至少1：2频带）、无电接触、低材料损耗、自封装和低色散特性。它可以通过几种技术以各种形式实现。它可以只由金属制成，也可以由印刷电路制成，以及毫米微波集成电路（MMIC），这将是THz应用的必需品。RGW的概念验证已经以几种形式得到证明。因此，拟议研究计划的目标是将RGW用于未来需要毫米波频率高达THz的应用。例如，未来5G的目标是3- 7 Gbps的数据传输，这使得预期的工作频率在Ka频段或V频段。此外，大规模多输入多输出（massive MIMO）有望在高数据速率下容纳更多用户，同时消耗更少的功率。更不用说，无线虚拟现实应用将成为未来的现实，这需要大量的数据，预计将达到14 Gbps。这样的数据传输量将需要14 GHz的工作带宽。这将把所需的工作频带推到G波段或亚太赫兹波段或140 GHz（0.14 THz）。这些应用的瓶颈之一是这些信号在硬件中的引导结构。RGW技术是为这些未来的商业毫米波应用而提出的。*拟议的计划将有助于培训这些未来技术所需的高素质人才。此外，在这些频率下，将需要设计新的高效微波组件和高定向天线。因此，这些组件将被设计和测试，以及高增益天线。应该指出，新技术必须是负担得起的。因此，设计将考虑可制造性的简易性。该项目的研究结果将通过在会议报告和期刊出版物中传播的方式公开提供。*

The traffic generated from mobile data in 2010 was double that for voice calls, but in 2015, mobile data was over 25 times that for voice calls. Moreover, the monthly usage of the smartphone data traffic is expected to grow from 2 to 18 GB between 2015 and 2021. Thus, a significant consumer demand for high data rate 5G wireless systems will be of demand in the near future. To warranty the broad use of the 5G, the related product pricing has to be low. Thus, mm-wave wireless systems are needed. However, there are plenty of technological factors and mechanical challenges in designing mm-wave modules, such as smaller sizes, increased system density, packaging and crosstalk suppression and lower power loss dissipation.****Recently, the low loss ridge gap waveguide (RGW) has been developed to explore and exploit the millimeter wave frequency with the potential to reach up to THz. The RGW provides several advantages such as wideband (at least 1:2 band), no electrical contacts, low material loss, self-packaged, and low dispersion characteristics. It is realizable in various forms with several technologies. It can be made from only metal, or from printed circuit, as well as millimeter microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), which would be a must for THz applications. The proof of concept regarding RGW has been proven in several forms. Therefore, the goal of the proposed research program is using the RGW for the future applications that are in need for millimeter wave frequencies up to potentially THz. For example, the future 5G aims to 3-7Gbps data transmission, which makes the expected operating frequencies to be in the Ka-band or V-band. In addition, massive multi-input, multi-output (massive MIMO) that promises that accommodate more users at high data rates while consuming less power. Not to mention, the wireless virtual reality applications that will be the reality of the future, which requires a tremendous amount of data that is expected to be 14 Gbps. Such amount of data transmission will need an operating bandwidth of 14GHz. This will push the required operating frequency band to the G-band or sub-THz band or the 140 GHz (0.14 THz). One of the bottlenecks of these applications is the guiding structure for these signals within the hardware. The RGW technology is proposed for these commercial future mm-wave applications.****The proposed program will contribute in training the highly qualified personnel needed for these future technologies. Also, at these frequencies, there will be a need to design new efficient microwave components and high directive antennas. Therefore, these components will be designed and tested as well as high gain antennas. It should be stated that the new technology has to be affordable. Therefore, the designs will consider the ease of manufacturability. The finding from this program will be publicly available through the dissemination of the results in conference presentations and Journal publications.************