Changes in ginsenosides and soil biodiversity related to management of ginseng replant disease

与人参重植病管理相关的人参皂苷和土壤生物多样性的变化

• 批准号: 521406-2018
• 负责人: Bernards, Mark
• 金额: $ 16.76万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=694640
• 关键词: Changes; ginsenosides; soil; biodiversity; related

It is well known by growers that after one crop, it is not possible to plant ginseng in the same gardens. Frequently, the new crop will quickly succumb to root rot disease colloquially referred to as replant disease. The persistence of replant disease is measured in decades. Due to replant disease, suitable sandy soils on which ginseng has not been grown previously are becoming scarce. It is estimated that there will not be any more suitable land for ginseng production in Ontario in the next 20 to 30 years. In the meantime, travel to fields up to an hour from their home farms and decreased yields from moving to increasingly marginal land costs the industry an estimated $40 million/yr. Replant disease is not as simple as the persistence of specific disease-causing organisms in former ginseng gardens. Instead, there is growing evidence that critical changes in both soil chemistry and microorganism biology in ginseng gardens occur post-harvest and render ginseng gardens unsuitable for a second crop of ginseng. Ginsenosides are chemical compounds made by ginseng that provide the plant with some of its medicinal properties. These compounds are known to be released into the soil, and can be modified by soil-borne microorganisms. We hypothesize that ginsenosides are biotransformed by resident soil microbes, creating a soil environment in which highly virulent forms of the organisms that comprise the replant disease complex can establish. To address this hypothesis in the present proposal we will establish the relationship between ginsenosides and the microbiome in field soil, during cultivation of ginseng in a new garden, as well as in a recently harvested garden. We will also monitor the impact of specific soil treatments on the soil microbiome and ginsenosides in the field and the greenhouse. We will identify key organisms and types of ginsenosides associated with increasing levels of root rot during replant disease and establish molecular markers for their routine identification in soil samples (e.g., to determine whether a field is at risk for replant disease). Finally, we propose to identify unique gene features of identified organisms and use them as potential targets for selective management intervention.

栽培者都知道，一次收成后，不可能在同一个园子里再种人参。通常，新作物很快就会患上根腐病，俗称根腐病。再植病害的持续时间以几十年为单位。由于再植病害，以前没有种植人参的合适的沙质土壤正变得稀缺。据估计，在未来的20到30年里，安大略省将没有更适合人参生产的土地。与此同时，从他们的家庭农场到农场长达一个小时的路程，以及由于迁移到日益贫瘠的土地而导致的产量下降，该行业每年的成本估计为4000万美元。重新种植的疾病并不像以前人参园内特定致病生物的持续存在那么简单。相反，越来越多的证据表明，人参园土壤化学和微生物生物学的关键变化发生在收获后，使人参园不适合种植第二季人参。人参皂苷是由人参产生的化合物，它为人参提供了一些药用特性。已知这些化合物会释放到土壤中，并可被土壤传播的微生物修饰。我们假设人参皂苷是由常驻土壤微生物进行生物转化的，创造了一个土壤环境，在这个土壤环境中，构成重新种植疾病复合物的高毒力生物形式可以建立。为了解决这一假设，在本提案中，我们将建立田间土壤中人参皂苷与微生物组之间的关系，在新花园栽培人参期间，以及在最近收获的花园中。我们还将监测特定土壤处理对田间和温室土壤微生物群和人参皂苷的影响。我们将确定在补种病害期间与根腐病增加水平相关的关键生物体和人参皂苷类型，并建立分子标记，以便在土壤样品中进行常规鉴定（例如，确定一块田地是否有补种病害的风险）。最后，我们建议鉴定鉴定生物体的独特基因特征，并将其作为选择性管理干预的潜在目标。