Integration technologies for immersion cooling in microelectronics

拟议中的项目是舍布鲁克大学（UdeS）、Systemex能源公司和Varitron技术公司之间的一项研究合作，旨在为先进的电子设备开发一种新型的高效冷却技术。这种冷却技术是基于将半导体器件浸入介电液体中，利用其蒸发相变有效地将热量从器件中带走。这种方法以前已经研究过，在相对简单的实现中，它清楚地展示了它令人印象深刻的热性能。然而，由于两个技术问题，浸入式冷却尚未充分发挥其潜力，这两个问题都与浸入式冷却所涉及的现象的不完整科学理解有关。第一个问题是所谓的沸腾危机，这是一种涉及热、液体和蒸汽通量的复杂现象，它限制了热性能并产生稳定性问题。第二个问题是浸入式电子元件所产生的可靠性风险，这些电子元件不是为此目的而设计的，并且可能由于浸入式而遭受新的失效机制。在此，我们建议在基础层面上研究沸腾危机和可靠性风险，以开发精确设计的浸没硬件，可以严格证明是高效、稳定和可靠的。该项目将采用先进的实验技术和模拟方法，以促进对沸腾冷却的科学理解。该冷却技术将在C2MI的工业规模制造设备上进行开发和测试，因此它可以在一个集成良好的封装过程中成本有效地生产，最终加速新技术向工业的转移。失效机制的动力学将通过实验测量，并将根据浸入式硬件中的化学相互作用和热力学现象进行解释。

The proposed project is a research collaboration between the Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Systemex Energy inc. and Varitron Technologies inc., to develop a new type of highly efficient cooling technology for advanced electronic devices. This cooling technology is based on immersing the semiconductor device into a dielectric liquid, to benefit from its vaporization phase change to carry heat away from the device efficiently. This approach has been studied before, in relatively simple implementations which clearly demonstrates its impressive thermal performances. However, immersion cooling has not yet reached its full potential because of two technological issues, both related to an incomplete scientific understanding of the phenomena involved in immersion cooling. The first issue is the so-called boiling crisis, a complex phenomenon involving the flux of heat, liquid and vapor which limits the thermal performances and create stability issues. The second issue is the reliability risk created by immersing electronic components which have not been designed for this purpose, and which might be subjected to new failure mechanisms because of immersion. Here, we propose to study at a fundamental level both the boiling crisis and the reliability risk, to develop precisely engineered immersion hardware which can be rigorously shown to be efficient, stable and reliable. The project will used advanced experimental techniques and simulation methods to contribute to the scientific understanding of cooling by boiling. The cooling technology will be developed and tested on industrial-scale manufacturing equipment at C2MI, so it can be produced cost-effectively in a well integrated packaging process, with an eventual expedited transfer of the new technology to the industry. The kinetics of failure mechanisms will be measured experimentally, and will be interpreted with respect to chemical interactions and thermomechanical phenomena in the immersed hardware.