COVID-19: Inactivation of human coronaviruses in aqueous solutions using UV-C

新型冠状病毒SARS CoV-2(这里简称CoV-2)很有可能通过未经充分处理的水传播。通过RT-PCR在粪便样本和城市污水中检测到这种新型冠状病毒。也许更令人担忧的是，在2003年爆发的密切相关的SARS冠状病毒中，有记录表明与污水气溶胶有关的传播。这些观察结果对加拿大饮用水和废水处理的充分性提出了关键问题。由于处理后的废水被排放到包括安大略湖在内的娱乐水域，因此必须解决这些问题，以保护公众健康。紫外线(UV)是北美饮用水和废水的主要消毒技术之一，但其对CoV-2的疗效尚不清楚。 在这项工作中，我们建议评估冠状病毒的易感性。这项工作分为代理阶段和病原体阶段。代理阶段将结束病原体阶段，代理阶段的第一部分准备进入病原体阶段，后一部分继续对更广泛的冠状病毒小组进行调查。在第一部分中，滑铁卢大学的Aucoin实验室将用不同的紫外线剂量对含有人类冠状病毒229E的溶液进行灭活，以获得剂量反应曲线。关于这种病毒的信息是需要的，不仅会被特洛伊木马使用，而且还会被传达给加拿大公共卫生局。一旦所有方案确定，检测将被转移到麦克马斯特大学，与米勒实验室合作，评估CoV-2(病原体阶段)的敏感性。同样，这将直接为加拿大各地用于水处理的紫外线反应堆的运行提供信息。在本项目的最后部分，将评估包括OC-43在内的其他冠状病毒在不同水溶液中和在不同污染剂存在下的敏感性。

There is significant potential that the novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 (herein referred to simply as CoV-2) may be spread through inadequately treated water. The novel coronavirus has been detected by rtPCR in fecal samples and in municipal wastewater. Perhaps more concerning, in the 2003 outbreak of the closely related SARS coronavirus, there was documented transmission associated with sewage aerosols. These observations raise critical questions about the adequacy of treatment for drinking water and wastewater in Canada. Since treated wastewater is discharged into recreational waters including Lake Ontario, these questions must be addressed in order to protect public health. Ultraviolet (UV) is one of the primary disinfection techniques used for drinking water and wastewater in North America, but its efficacy against CoV-2 is unknown. In this work we are proposing to evaluate the susceptibility of coronaviruses. The work is split up into a surrogate stage and a pathogen stage. The surrogate stage will bookend the pathogen stage, with the first part of the surrogate stage preparing to enter the pathogen stage, and the latter part continuing the investigation on a broader panel of coronaviruses. In the first part, solutions containing human coronavirus 229E will be inactivated with different UV doses to obtain dose response curves in the Aucoin Lab at the University of Waterloo. The information on this virus is needed and will not only be used by Trojan but will also be communicated to the Public Health Agency of Canada. Once all protocols are established, testing will be moved to McMaster University, in collaboration with the Miller lab, to evaluate the susceptibility of CoV-2 (pathogen stage). Again this will directly inform the operation of UV reactors that operate across Canada for the treatment of water. In the last part of this project, the susceptibility of other coronaviruses, including OC-43, in different aqueous solutions and in the presence of different soiling agents will be evaluated.