Multifunctional 3D printing: machine that changes itself

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Adaptation of novel 3D printing technologies with embedded printed electronics is a potentially transformative opportunity in the development of multifunctional 3D structures. The printing of conductive interconnects, passive and active components, sensors, actuators, batteries and antennas within 3D-printed structures has been a growing focus of the additive manufacturing sector. The University of Calgary team has recently developed a unique hybrid conductive ink that can be easily printed during the 3D printing process by a pause and deposit process. New hybrid conductive inks with proprietary additives that possess self-healing characteristics when exposed to intense pulsed light (IPL) or internal joule heating will be investigated. This new approach can transform the manufacturing of smart devices that can change themselves. The system will sense and adapt to various stimuli, respond, and then revert to its original state when the stimulus is addressed or removed. Smart functional materials and devices have many advantages, including selectively tunable functionalities, their ability to simultaneously act as sensors and actuators, their flexibility to adapt to environmental conditions, their potential for miniaturization, and their ability to be controlled. Early warning of problems will be possible, as will adaptive responses to intelligently address unforeseen circumstances. Enhancements to many products can produce better performance of their functions through better control and improved accuracy and by enabling preventative system maintenance prior to catastrophic failures. By exploring a rapid but precise integrated 3D printing technology, we can fully utilize multifunctional aspects of 3D systems. This would enable new commercialization opportunities for a variety of applications. The research will benefit Alberta and Canada by providing economic, social, and environmental benefits and will facilitate training of HQP with a variety of professional and technical skills.