Motor memory interference

电机记忆干扰

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03897
• 负责人: Roig, Marc
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708452
• 关键词: Motor; memory; interference

Motor learning is the process of improving the performance of motor skills through motor practice. Practice is essential for learning motor skills because it is during practice that the nervous system encodes the sensorimotor information, which is used for the elaboration of motor memories. However, the nervous system does not stop processing information with the end of practice. After practicing a motor task (A), the information encoded during practice is consolidated within the brain as a form of motor memory. If consolidation is successful, the memory encoded during the practice of A becomes more stable, leading to the retention of A or even to further improvements in skill performance between practice sessions without additional training. During the initial stages of consolidation, however, motor memories are still fragile and if a second motor task (B) is practiced soon after, memory interference may occur. The performance of B may result in two types of interference: retrograde and anterograde interference. Retrograde interference occurs when the practice of B disrupts the consolidation of A and anterograde interference when the practice of B impairs the performance of A at retention. When interference occurs, memories do not consolidate properly and the retention of previous learning (A) is compromised. Memory interference is a useful experimental tool to investigate memory formation processes because it allows to test the strength of a memory trace during its consolidation, however, its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The short term objective of my research program is to conduct 4 studies that use memory interference paradigms applied through behavioural and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to discover neurophysiological mechanisms underlying memory interference in the context of healthy aging. Study 1 explores if the coupling between cortico-spinal neurons changes as a result of retrograde and anterograde interference. Study 2 investigates if the susceptibility to interference of the primary motor cortex signals the pace of memory consolidation. Study 3 explores if the inhibition of brain networks involved in processing different types of memory modifies the susceptibility to interference between different memory systems. Study 4 investigates if long term potentiation, a substrate of memory formation, predicts interference. The long term goal of my research program is to create a novel framework to explain memory interference. This framework argues that interference arises as the competition for neural networks and resources between the primary (A) and interfering tasks (B). When no overlap between memory representations exists and 2 independent neuronal pools are elicited, both memory traces can be consolidated in parallel and interference does not occur. In contrast, when consolidation requires the same pool of synapses, interference occurs.

运动学习是通过运动练习提高运动技能表现的过程。练习对于学习运动技能至关重要，因为在练习过程中，神经系统会对感觉运动信息进行编码，这些信息用于详细阐述运动记忆。然而，神经系统并不会随着练习的结束而停止处理信息。练习运动任务（A）后，练习过程中编码的信息会在大脑中巩固为运动记忆的形式。如果巩固成功，在 A 练习期间编码的记忆就会变得更加稳定，从而导致 A 的保留，甚至在练习之间无需额外训练即可进一步提高技能表现。然而，在巩固的初始阶段，运动记忆仍然脆弱，如果不久之后练习第二个运动任务（B），可能会发生记忆干扰。 B的表现可能会产生两种干扰：逆行干扰和顺行干扰。当 B 的练习破坏了 A 的巩固时，就会发生逆行干扰；当 B 的练习损害 A 的保留表现时，就会发生顺行干扰。 当干扰发生时，记忆无法正确巩固，并且先前学习的保留 (A) 会受到损害。记忆干扰是研究记忆形成过程的有用实验工具，因为它可以测试记忆痕迹在巩固过程中的强度，然而，其潜在机制尚不清楚。我的研究计划的短期目标是进行 4 项研究，这些研究使用通过行为和非侵入性大脑刺激技术应用的记忆干扰范式，以发现健康衰老背景下记忆干扰背后的神经生理学机制。研究 1 探讨了皮质脊髓神经元之间的耦合是否因逆行和顺行干扰而发生变化。研究 2 研究了初级运动皮层对干扰的敏感性是否预示着记忆巩固的速度。研究 3 探讨了对参与处理不同类型记忆的大脑网络的抑制是否会改变不同记忆系统之间对干扰的敏感性。研究 4 研究了记忆形成的底物长期增强是否可以预测干扰。 我的研究计划的长期目标是创建一个新颖的框架来解释记忆干扰。该框架认为，干扰是由于主要任务（A）和干扰任务（B）之间对神经网络和资源的竞争而产生的。当记忆表征之间不存在重叠并且引出2个独立的神经元池时，两个记忆痕迹可以并行合并并且不会发生干扰。相反，当整合需要相同的突触池时，就会发生干扰。