Mathematical population genetics and evolutionary games

这项研究是针对各种人口遗传学和人口动力学模型和随之而来的进化和生态的观点。长期目标是：（a）描述和解释观察到的生物多样性;（B）发展数学、统计和计算方法，分析种群结构，并对有关参数或假设作出推论;（c）推断可能由选择、迁移、随机漂移、突变和重组产生的进化原理;（d）纳入个体之间和种群之间复杂相互作用的影响。今后五年，将重点开展以下项目： 1.重组的进化。结合理论最近的一个惊人应用是识别重组的热点，在那里染色体更容易在减数分裂过程中断裂。需要理论研究来解决它们的进化及其对遗传变异性的影响问题。 2.系统发育树的祖先过程。从全基因组数据重建人类迁徙史和不同物种的生殖史，更不用说古老物种的重组图，是当今统计遗传学最重要的挑战。这需要更好地理解多物种结合和新的祖先类型的出生和死亡过程的方法。 3.公共产品游戏合作。进化博弈论最近获得了很多的兴趣与公共产品游戏的实验和引进的条件，有利于在结构化种群的合作进化。生殖价值观、配偶选择和代际关系的作用至今大多被忽视。它们有望启发与互惠相关的关键进化问题。 4.博弈动态中的包容适应度理论。在年龄结构人群中，健康和生殖价值的正确定义是一个有争议的话题。随着亲属之间的相互作用，包容性的健身方法的有效性必须在这种情况下解决，以解决这一争论。 关于重组的项目与生物学的一个中心问题有关，即性别的进化，这仍然是一个令人困惑的问题。至于多物种结合，“遗传学领域正在进入一个新时代，物种之间的历史关系树越来越多地从多基因座和基因组数据中推断出来”（Degnan和Rosenberg 2009）。另一方面，通过个人或物种的相互作用，在共同的商品游戏的合作的演变是当代环境问题的主要利益。最后，包容适应度理论在行为生态学中得到了广泛的应用。它与费雪自然选择基本定理有关，其意义在群体遗传学中仍在热烈讨论。

This research is directed towards a variety of population genetics and population dynamics models and the concomitant evolutionary and ecological perspectives. The long-term objectives are: a) to describe and explain the observed biodiversity; b) to develop mathematical, statistical and computational methods to analyse population structures and make inferences about related parameters or assumptions; c) to deduce evolutionary principles that may result from selection, migration, random drift, mutation and recombination; and d) to incorporate the effects of complex interactions between individuals and between populations. In the next five years, the focus will be put on the following projects: 1. Evolution of recombination. A recent stunning application of coalescent theory is the identification of hotspots of recombination, where chromosomes are more likely to break during meiosis. Theoretical studies are needed to address the question of their evolution and their effect on genetic variability. 2. Ancestral processes of phylogenetic trees. Reconstructing the history of migration in humans and the phylogeny of different species, not to mention the recombination maps of ancient species, from whole-genome data is the most important challenge in statistical genetics today. This requires a better understanding of the multispecies coalescent and new ancestral-type approaches of birth-and-death processes. 3. Cooperation in public goods games. Evolutionary game theory has recently gained a lot of interest with experiments of public goods games and the introduction of conditions that favor the evolution of cooperation in structured populations. The roles of reproductive values, mate choice and intergenerational relationships have been mostly ignored up to now. They are expected to enlighten key evolutionary issues related to reciprocity. 4. Inclusive fitness theory in game dynamics. The right definition of fitness and reproductive value in age-structured populations is a controversial subject. With interactions between kin, the validity of an inclusive fitness approach has to be addressed in this context in order to settle the debate. The project on recombination is connected to a central question in biology, namely the evolution of sex, which is still puzzling. As for the multispecies coalescent, "the field of phylogenetics is entering a new era in which trees of historical relationships between species are increasingly inferred from multilocus and genomic data" (Degnan and Rosenberg 2009). On the other hand, the evolution of cooperation through individual or species interactions in common goods games is of prime interest in view of contemporary environmental issues. Finally, inclusive fitness theory is widely used in behavioral ecology. It is related to Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection whose meaning is still passionately discussed in population genetics.