Mathematical population genetics and evolutionary games

数学群体遗传学和进化博弈

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-03917
• 负责人: Lessard, Sabin
• 金额: $ 4.08万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=759376
• 关键词: Mathematical; population; genetics; evolutionary; games

This research is directed towards a variety of population genetics and population dynamics models and the concomitant evolutionary and ecological perspectives. The long-term objectives are: a) to describe and explain the observed biodiversity; b) to develop mathematical, statistical and computational methods to analyse population structures and make inferences about related parameters or assumptions; c) to deduce evolutionary principles that may result from selection, migration, random drift, mutation and recombination; and d) to incorporate the effects of complex interactions between individuals and between populations. In the next five years, the focus will be put on the following projects:1. Evolution of recombination. A recent stunning application of coalescent theory is the identification of hotspots of recombination, where chromosomes are more likely to break during meiosis. Theoretical studies are needed to address the question of their evolution and their effect on genetic variability. 2. Ancestral processes of phylogenetic trees. Reconstructing the history of migration in humans and the phylogeny of different species, not to mention the recombination maps of ancient species, from whole-genome data is the most important challenge in statistical genetics today. This requires a better understanding of the multispecies coalescent and new ancestral-type approaches of birth-and-death processes. 3. Cooperation in public goods games. Evolutionary game theory has recently gained a lot of interest with experiments of public goods games and the introduction of conditions that favor the evolution of cooperation in structured populations. The roles of reproductive values, mate choice and intergenerational relationships have been mostly ignored up to now. They are expected to enlighten key evolutionary issues related to reciprocity. 4. Inclusive fitness theory in game dynamics. The right definition of fitness and reproductive value in age-structured populations is a controversial subject. With interactions between kin, the validity of an inclusive fitness approach has to be addressed in this context in order to settle the debate.The project on recombination is connected to a central question in biology, namely the evolution of sex, which is still puzzling. As for the multispecies coalescent, "the field of phylogenetics is entering a new era in which trees of historical relationships between species are increasingly inferred from multilocus and genomic data" (Degnan and Rosenberg 2009). On the other hand, the evolution of cooperation through individual or species interactions in common goods games is of prime interest in view of contemporary environmental issues. Finally, inclusive fitness theory is widely used in behavioral ecology. It is related to Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection whose meaning is still passionately discussed in population genetics.

这项研究针对各种种群遗传学和种群动力学模型，以及伴随而来的进化和生态角度。长期目标是：(A)描述和解释观察到的生物多样性；(B)发展数学、统计和计算方法来分析种群结构，并就相关参数或假设作出推断；(C)推断选择、迁徙、随机漂移、突变和重组可能导致的进化原理；(D)纳入个体之间和种群之间复杂相互作用的影响。未来五年，将重点抓好以下几个方面的工作：1.重组的演进。最近结合理论的一个令人震惊的应用是识别重组热点，在那里染色体更有可能在减数分裂期间断裂。需要进行理论研究来解决它们的进化及其对遗传变异性的影响的问题。2.系统发育树的祖先过程。从全基因组数据重建人类迁徙历史和不同物种的系统发育，更不用说古代物种的重组图，是当今统计遗传学最重要的挑战。这需要更好地理解多物种融合和新的祖先类型的出生和死亡过程。3.公共产品博弈合作。进化博弈论最近随着公共物品博弈的实验和有利于结构化种群中合作进化的条件的引入而引起了人们的极大兴趣。到目前为止，生殖价值观、配偶选择和代际关系的作用大多被忽视。预计它们将启发与互惠相关的关键进化问题。4.博弈动力学中的包容性适应度理论。在年龄结构的人群中，健康和生殖价值的正确定义是一个有争议的话题。由于亲属之间的相互作用，为了解决这一争论，必须在这种背景下讨论包容性适应方法的有效性。重组项目与生物学中的一个中心问题有关，即性别的进化，这仍然令人困惑。至于多物种融合，“系统发育学领域正在进入一个新时代，在这个时代，物种之间的历史关系树越来越多地从多位点和基因组数据中推断出来”(Degnan和Rosenberg，2009)。另一方面，从当代环境问题的角度来看，在共同物品博弈中通过个体或物种相互作用来演变合作是最有意义的。最后，包容性适应理论在行为生态学中得到了广泛的应用。它与Fisher的自然选择基本定理有关，其意义仍是种群遗传学中热烈讨论的问题。