Reaction kinetics and particle agglomeration studies in support of heavy oil and bio-oil upgrading

支持重油和生物油升级的反应动力学和颗粒团聚研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06314
• 负责人: Pjontek, Dominic
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708691
• 关键词: Reaction; kinetics; particle; agglomeration; studies

Diminishing conventional crude oil reserves have led to increased production from unconventional resources, such as bitumen from the Canadian oil sands and fuels converted from biomass. In Canada, an estimated 168 billion barrels are recoverable from the oil sands using available technologies, while increasing biofuel research throughout the world reflects environmental concerns due to greenhouse gas emissions, advantages of energy diversification, and declining conventional fossil fuel reserves. Bio-oils produced from biomass conversion processes have the following inferior properties compared to conventional fuels: higher oxygen content, reduced heating value, greater viscosity, and chemical instability. Both bitumen and bio-oils require upgrading processes to produce valuable fuels and chemicals similar to those obtained from conventional crude oils. The shift to heavy oil and residue upgrading makes it pertinent to advance the understanding of particle agglomeration in fluidized bed reactors. Interparticle liquid bridging is known to occur in Fluid Cokers and potentially in hydroprocessors, where both reactors are currently used for heavy oil and residue upgrading. Particle agglomeration reduces heat and mass transfer, augments reactor fouling, and can lead to defluidization. By carefully selecting the continuous and dispersed liquid phases, the impacts of relevant phase physical properties (e.g., liquid viscosities, particle size, dispersed liquid concentration, particle wettability) on agglomeration severity and the overall fluid dynamics in a slurry bubble column configurations will be investigated. These experimental studies will provide predictive capabilities and mitigation strategies for agglomerate formation in upgrading reactors. A parallel and complementary objective is to study the hydrodeoxygenation kinetics of bio-oils produced via pyrolysis. The previous bio-oil upgrading pathway occurs at elevated temperatures (300 to 500°C), high hydrogen pressures (5 to 20 MPa), and typically in the presence of a catalyst, consequently sharing similarities with hydroprocessing. Fixed bed upgrading systems have been primarily studied, where commonly reported issues are catalyst poisoning, coke formation, and reactor plugging. A fluidized configuration will be evaluated to address these concerns due to the improved mixing characteristics and the potential for semi-continuous catalyst addition/removal. Reaction kinetics will be investigated using a unique fluidized and induction heated microreactor to identify the optimal reaction conditions (i.e., temperature, hydrogen pressure, catalyst size and composition). Promising kinetic data for bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation in a fluidized configuration could lead to the scale-up of an innovative upgrading reactor, a necessary processing step for biofuel production in future biorefineries.

常规原油储量的减少导致非常规资源的产量增加，例如加拿大油砂中的沥青和生物质转化的燃料。在加拿大，利用现有技术估计可从油砂中开采 1,680 亿桶石油，而世界各地不断增加的生物燃料研究反映了温室气体排放、能源多样化优势和传统化石燃料储量下降带来的环境问题。与传统燃料相比，通过生物质转化过程生产的生物油具有以下劣势：氧含量较高、热值较低、粘度较大和化学不稳定。沥青和生物油都需要升级工艺来生产有价值的燃料和化学品，类似于从传统原油中获得的燃料和化学品。 向重油和渣油提质的转变使得有必要增进对流化床反应器中颗粒团聚的理解。已知颗粒间液体桥连发生在流化焦化装置中，并且可能发生在加氢处理器中，这两个反应器目前都用于重油和渣油升级。颗粒附聚减少了传热和传质，加剧了反应器结垢，并可能导致反流化。通过仔细选择连续和分散液相，将研究相关相物理性质（例如液体粘度、颗粒尺寸、分散液体浓度、颗粒润湿性）对团聚严重程度和浆料泡罩塔配置中整体流体动力学的影响。这些实验研究将为升级反应器中的附聚物形成提供预测能力和缓解策略。 一个平行且互补的目标是研究通过热解产生的生物油的加氢脱氧动力学。以前的生物油升级途径发生在高温（300 至 500°C）、高氢气压力（5 至 20 MPa）下，并且通常在催化剂存在下进行，因此与加氢处理有相似之处。固定床提质系统已得到初步研究，其中常见的问题是催化剂中毒、焦炭形成和反应器堵塞。由于改进的混合特性和半连续催化剂添加/去除的潜力，将评估流化配置以解决这些问题。将使用独特的流化和感应加热微反应器研究反应动力学，以确定最佳反应条件（即温度、氢气压力、催化剂尺寸和组成）。在流化配置中生物油加氢脱氧的有希望的动力学数据可能会导致创新的升级反应器的规模扩大，这是未来生物炼油厂生物燃料生产的必要处​​理步骤。