Cyclone fouling in fluid cokers: model development and adsorption experiments

流体焦化器中的旋流器结垢：模型开发和吸附实验

• 批准号: 505526-2016
• 负责人: Pjontek, Dominic
• 金额: $ 5.14万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=618285
• 关键词: Cyclone; fouling; fluid; cokers; model

The worldwide trend of light crude oil depletion due to increasing energy demands led to the viability and profitability of bitumen processing and upgrading. Global energy demand is expected to increase 48% by 2040. Although renewable energy sources are increasing, fossil fuels are anticipated to account for over 75% of the world's energy needs through 2040. Canada is a major source of liquid fossil fuels with 166 billion barrels of recoverable reserves in the oil sands. Fluid Coker reactors are used to upgrade bitumen into lighter products by injection onto a fluidized bed reactor of hot coke particles, required for the thermal cracking reactions. Fouling in the cyclones above the fluidized bed reduces the flow area in the gas outlet tubes, increasing the reactor and burner pressures. This pressure buildup requires a reduced feed rate due to the burner blower's maximum output, eventually leading to a shut-down. The main objective of the proposed research is to improve the unit reliability by proposing fouling mitigation strategies in the reactor cyclones using two research approaches. The first will develop a phenomenological model to predict cyclone fouling based on relevant fluid dynamic characteristics, vapour phase reactions, and vapour-liquid thermodynamic characteristics. The model will be used to predict the relative impacts of proposed mitigation strategies on areas of interest in the Fluid Coker reactors. The second approach will measure hydrocarbon vapour adsorption in a high temperature well-mixed batch system to determine the impact of coke surface characteristics. These measurements will establish the kinetics of hydrocarbon adsorption as well as the impact of molecular weight on preferential adsorption. The successful completion of this project will generate relevant experimental data and modeling methods to mitigate Fluid Coker cyclone fouling. Two MESc students will be trained during the project and will develop highly relevant skills to work in Canada's oil and energy industries. Lastly, when the process life cycle is considered, improved Fluid Coker energy efficiencies have a beneficial effect by reducing carbon dioxide emissions and economic loss.

由于能源需求的增加，世界范围内轻质原油的枯竭趋势导致沥青加工和升级的可行性和盈利能力。到2040年，全球能源需求预计将增长48%。虽然可再生能源正在增加，但到2040年，化石燃料预计将占世界能源需求的75%以上。加拿大是液体化石燃料的主要来源，拥有1660亿桶油砂可采储量。流体焦化反应器是通过将热焦炭颗粒注入热裂解反应所需的流化床反应器，将沥青升级为较轻的产品。流化床上方旋风分离器中的污垢减少了气体出口管内的流动面积，增加了反应器和燃烧器的压力。由于燃烧器鼓风机的最大输出，这种压力积聚需要降低进料速率，最终导致关闭。本研究的主要目的是通过采用两种研究方法，提出反应器旋风分离器中的污垢缓解策略，以提高机组可靠性。第一组将基于相关的流体动力学特性、气相反应和汽液热力学特性，开发一个现象学模型来预测旋风结垢。该模型将用于预测拟议的缓解战略对流体焦化反应堆中感兴趣领域的相对影响。第二种方法将测量烃类蒸气在高温混合批次系统中的吸附，以确定焦炭表面特性的影响。这些测量将建立碳氢化合物吸附动力学以及分子量对优先吸附的影响。该项目的成功完成将产生相关的实验数据和建模方法，以减轻流体焦化器旋风污染。两名MESc学生将在项目期间接受培训，并将发展在加拿大石油和能源行业工作的高度相关技能。最后，当考虑到过程生命周期时，流体焦化能源效率的提高通过减少二氧化碳排放和经济损失而产生有益的影响。