New Paradigm for Urban Vehicle Technologies

城市车辆技术的新范式

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04129
• 负责人: Khajepour, Amir
• 金额: $ 5.1万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708998
• 关键词: New; Paradigm; Urban; Vehicle; Technologies

Traffic congestion is a growing problem in large cities around the world and will continue to worsen as populations increase. The number of vehicles on the road worldwide is expected to quadruple to nearly 3 billion by 2050, while the number of roadways is expected to remain approximately the same in city cores. The average number of occupants of a single vehicle is about 1.6 persons; the space of current vehicles is highly underutilized. To alleviate traffic congestion and associated pollution in large cities, the prevalence of electric urban vehicles are gaining momentum. The advantages of electric urban vehicles are in part due to their versatility; in addition to four-wheel configuration, these vehicles could host a three-wheel configuration with one wheel in the front or rear. The vehicles could also have front, rear, or all wheel steering. In some jurisdictions, narrow urban vehicles are able to lane-split, travel on bike lanes, and park in unconventional spaces. Urban vehicles have a huge potential to relieve traffic congestion and alleviate parking shortages. Urban vehicles in their current form are essentially scaled down versions of passenger cars. This scaled down approach imposes serious limitations on the safety, usability, fuel consumption, thermal loads, power management, and subsequently, customer acceptance of the vehicle. For example, as in conventional passenger cars, existing urban vehicles are designed with the suspension and powertrain external to the wheels that are connected primarily through mounts and mechanical linkages. Therefore, a significant volume is still needed for mechanical components and their connections, which could otherwise be used for added passenger space. It is possible to significantly reduce the space and weight of urban vehicles by integrating the suspension and powertrain into the wheels, and by replacing mechanical linkages with x-by-wire systems. Considering this design approach, the often inadequate interior space of most urban vehicles can be significantly increased. Moreover, this design eliminates many powertrain components and provides more flexibility in aerodynamic body shaping while lowering vehicle mass, all leading to vastly improved energy efficiency. The primary goal of the proposed Discovery program is to develop a new paradigm for urban vehicle technologies to allow the design of highly fuel efficient, safer, and cost effective urban vehicles in a very time efficient process.

交通拥堵是世界各地大城市日益严重的问题，并且随着人口的增加将继续恶化。到 2050 年，全球道路上的车辆数量预计将翻两番，达到近 30 亿辆，而城市核心区的道路数量预计将保持大致相同。单车平均乘坐人数约为1.6人；当前车辆的空间利用率极低。 为了缓解大城市的交通拥堵和相关污染，电动城市车辆的普及势头正在增强。电动城市车辆的优势部分在于其多功能性；除了四轮配置外，这些车辆还可以采用前轮或后轮的三轮配置。这些车辆还可以配备前轮、后轮或全轮转向系统。在一些司法管辖区，狭窄的城市车辆能够分道行驶、在自行车道上行驶以及在非常规空间停车。城市车辆在缓解交通拥堵和停车位短缺方面具有巨大潜力。 当前形式的城市车辆本质上是乘用车的缩小版。这种按比例缩小的方法对安全性、可用性、燃油消耗、热负荷、电源管理以及随后的客户对车辆的接受度施加了严重限制。例如，与传统乘用车一样，现有的城市车辆的悬架和动力系统设计在车轮外部，主要通过安装座和机械连杆连接。因此，机械部件及其连接仍然需要大量的体积，否则这些体积可以用于增加乘客空间。通过将悬架和动力总成集成到车轮中，并用线控系统取代机械连杆，可以显着减少城市车辆的空间和重量。考虑到这种设计方法，可以显着增加大多数城市车辆经常不足的内部空间。此外，这种设计消除了许多动力总成部件，并在空气动力学车身造型方面提供了更大的灵活性，同时降低了车辆质量，所有这些都大大提高了能源效率。 拟议的“发现”计划的主要目标是开发城市车辆技术的新范例，以便能够在非常省时的过程中设计出高燃油效率、更安全且具有成本效益的城市车辆。