An immune system for the city: a new paradigm for control of urban disease vectors

项目摘要 当一个社区试图控制一种危险的昆虫时， 类似于身体受到病原体攻击时所面临的情况。在进化过程中， 发展了一种复杂的、连锁的防御系统来抵御入侵者--一种经过精心训练的免疫系统， 控制感染。适应性免疫系统依赖于自主实体之间的通信， 识别病原体并招募效应细胞;它包括全身和局部反应的组合， 去除病原体;最令人惊讶的是，严格调节这些反应，并创造记忆，以改善 他们在未来。拟议的跨学科和国际合作研究的目的是 开发一种新的模式，用于控制适应性免疫系统之后的危险昆虫。的 该项目将调整免疫系统的各个方面，从细胞的规模到景观的规模，并测试新的 在一个正在进行的恰加斯病媒介中使用随机分组设计对抗常规方法 控制计划在阿雷基帕市，秘鲁。根据十多年来在这一领域的工作， 该团队现在将使用来自实施科学的框架-范围，有效性， 采用、实施和维护（RE-AIM）框架-确保严格性和可重复性。的 试验和后续评估将在参与性研究和计算科学之间建立桥梁， 建立监测和控制南美锥虫病病媒及病原体的可持续系统， 将军

PROJECT SUMMARY The difficulties faced by a community when trying to control a dangerous insect are in many ways analogous to those faced by the body when attacked by a pathogen. Through evolution mammals have developed a complex and interlocking defense against invaders—an immune system well-honed to detect and control infections. The adaptive immune system relies on communication among autonomous entities to recognize pathogens and recruit effector cells; it includes a combination of systemic and local responses to remove pathogens; and, most amazingly, tightly regulates these responses and creates memory to improve them in the future. The aim of the proposed collaborative interdisciplinary and international research is to develop a new paradigm for the control of dangerous insects patterned after the adaptive immune system. The project will adapt aspects of the immune system from the scale of cells to that of landscapes, and test the new approach against a conventional one using a randomized cluster design in an ongoing Chagas disease vector control program in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Based on over a decade of work on this topic and in this region, the team will now field this trial, using a framework from Implementation Science—the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework— to ensure rigor and reproducibility. The trial and subsequent evaluations will bridge participatory research and computational sciences to develop sustainable systems for the surveillance and control of Chagas disease vectors, as well as disease agents in general.