An immune system for the city: a new paradigm for control of urban disease vectors

项目总结 一个群落在试图控制一种危险的昆虫时所面临的困难有很多方面 类似于身体在受到病原体攻击时所面临的问题。通过进化，哺乳动物已经 开发了针对入侵者的复杂和连锁防御-一种经过精心磨练的免疫系统，可以检测和 控制感染。适应性免疫系统依赖于自治实体之间的通信来 识别病原体和招募效应细胞；它包括全身和局部反应的组合 清除病原体；最令人惊讶的是，它严格控制这些反应，并创造记忆来改善 他们的未来。拟议的跨学科和国际合作研究的目的是 开发一种控制危险昆虫的新范例，模仿适应性免疫系统的模式。这个 该项目将调整免疫系统的各个方面，从细胞的规模到风景的规模，并测试新的 在正在进行的恰加斯病媒介中使用随机群设计的方法与传统方法相比较 秘鲁阿雷基帕市的控制程序。根据十多年来在这一主题和该区域开展的工作， 该团队现在将使用实施科学的框架-REACH，Efficiency， 采用、实施和维护(RE-AIM)框架-以确保严密性和可重复性。这个 试验和后续评估将为参与性研究和计算科学的发展架起桥梁 监测和控制恰加斯病病媒的可持续系统，以及 将军。

PROJECT SUMMARY The difficulties faced by a community when trying to control a dangerous insect are in many ways analogous to those faced by the body when attacked by a pathogen. Through evolution mammals have developed a complex and interlocking defense against invaders—an immune system well-honed to detect and control infections. The adaptive immune system relies on communication among autonomous entities to recognize pathogens and recruit effector cells; it includes a combination of systemic and local responses to remove pathogens; and, most amazingly, tightly regulates these responses and creates memory to improve them in the future. The aim of the proposed collaborative interdisciplinary and international research is to develop a new paradigm for the control of dangerous insects patterned after the adaptive immune system. The project will adapt aspects of the immune system from the scale of cells to that of landscapes, and test the new approach against a conventional one using a randomized cluster design in an ongoing Chagas disease vector control program in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Based on over a decade of work on this topic and in this region, the team will now field this trial, using a framework from Implementation Science—the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework— to ensure rigor and reproducibility. The trial and subsequent evaluations will bridge participatory research and computational sciences to develop sustainable systems for the surveillance and control of Chagas disease vectors, as well as disease agents in general.