Advanced Multifunctional and Multiphysics Metamaterials for Mechanical Element Design

用于机械元件设计的先进多功能和多物理超材料

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04716
• 负责人: AkbarzadehShafaroudi, Abdolhamid
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709440
• 关键词: Advanced; Multifunctional; Multiphysics; Metamaterials; Mechanical

After more than a century of advances in the automotive industry, about 85 percent of fuel energy is still wasted in cars and is lost in the air. Similar scenarios occur with agricultural machines, trains, and airplanes. The energy waste does not only affect the economy, but also the environment. Smart materials are one of the promising alternatives for the reduction of energy consumption and for harvesting energy from these wasted energy resources. Smart multiphysics materials with multifunctional and energy harvesting abilities and a low level of energy consumption are being developed to provide intelligent self-powered sensors and actuators. Lightweight cellular materials are another alternative to reduce energy consumption. Cellular solids offer a robust low-mass alternative for applications requiring lightweight and stiff components. Cellular-based metamaterials fashioned by repeating unit cells have also enabled engineers to achieve physical properties beyond those found in nature. Inspired by biological systems, in which structural properties, sensing, actuating, and self-healing are integrated, smart multifunctional metamaterials can be introduced as a robust, cost-effective alternative to integrate multiple functionalities of smart materials and metamaterials. Multifunctional materials can not only serve as energy harvesters, but also as structural elements, self-powered electric devices, self-integrated heat exchangers, and power sources via embedded fuel-cells or photovoltaics. Advances in additive manufacturing have shown that fabricating multifunctional metamaterials is feasible. My NSERC Discovery program aims to develop novel metamaterials constructed of a cellular microarchitecture with struts of active materials. The multifunctional metamaterials will be lightweight, multistable, and responsive to elastic, electric, magnetic, thermal, hygroscopic, chemical, and optical fields. The objective of the research program is to establish a multiscale multiphysics methodology, to manufacture smart cellular solids, and to elucidate that metamaterials can replace traditional mechanical components. Such advanced materials have enormous applications; for instance, energy harvesters can harness energy from the vibration of the frame of automobiles and space vehicles and also from the heat wasted in the combustion process. The research methodology consists of multiscale simulation, manufacturing, and experimental testing. The research provides a robust database for the innovative design of smart cellular solids. The successful development of multifunctional metamaterials will open a new multidisciplinary research direction and put Canada at the cutting edge of this technology. As a long-term objective, the research program aims to introduce novel smart metamaterials and a computational tool to a broad spectrum of industries.

经过一个多世纪的汽车工业的发展，大约85%的燃料能源仍然浪费在汽车上，并在空气中损失。类似的情况也发生在农业机械、火车和飞机上。能源浪费不仅影响经济，而且影响环境。智能材料是减少能源消耗和从这些浪费的能源中收集能量的有前途的替代品之一。具有多功能和能量收集能力和低能耗的智能多物理场材料正在开发中，以提供智能自供电传感器和执行器。轻质蜂窝材料是减少能源消耗的另一种选择。蜂窝固体为需要轻质和刚性组件的应用提供了坚固的低质量替代品。基于细胞的超材料由重复的单元细胞制成，也使工程师们能够获得超越自然界的物理特性。受生物系统的启发，在生物系统中，结构特性、传感、驱动和自我修复是集成的，智能多功能超材料可以作为集成智能材料和超材料多种功能的强大、经济的替代方案被引入。多功能材料不仅可以作为能量收集器，还可以作为结构元件、自供电电子器件、自集成热交换器，以及通过嵌入式燃料电池或光伏发电的电源。增材制造的进步表明，制造多功能超材料是可行的。