Programmable Architected Multifunctional Metamaterials and Metastructures

全球对能源生产、环境污染和经济增长的关注日益增加，需要高效结构和能源材料的突破性途径。承载、变形、能量转换和自主传感特性应在多用途智能材料中共存，为解决具有挑战性的需求打开前所未有的材料特性空间。多功能超材料可以满足多种功能需求，并提供天然材料所没有的性能。超材料无与伦比的特性主要来源于其复杂的底层结构。增材制造已经成为机械超材料简易制造的领跑者。3D打印辅助制造的多功能性也允许生产功能化的无源/有源铁电材料，以实现触觉/温度传感器和能量采集器以前不可能实现的智能超材料。大多数超材料的合理设计都依赖于直觉。然而，调整由力学和智能材料领域组成的多功能超材料的无与伦比的特性，需要了解它们的可编程性和尺寸效应特征。虽然超材料通常是周期性的，但元梁/板不具有相同的周期性水平。他们主张发展一种自给自足的理论来设计多功能超材料/结构的必要性。这项研究的长期愿景是开发一个系统的平台，而不是直观的，针对目标功能的超材料设计。作为短期目标，并植根于细胞固体和智能材料，我们的目标是创造可编程，可重构和尺寸相关的铁电超材料。我们从晶体对称类中获得灵感，利用弹性不稳定性，利用多物理刺激，并利用先进制造技术引入新的分类多功能超材料/结构。我们采用精细的细胞结构拓扑设计和本构铰链，稳定性分析，广义连续介质理论，多物理场模拟，3D打印和实验热电力学表征测试。可编程和可调的架构多功能超材料/结构将为实现下一代弹性智能组件提供尖端的经济解决方案。该计划为HQP提供了明确的培训计划，以获得建筑超材料设计，非经典连续体建模，多尺度多物理场模拟，3D打印和先进制造以及实验材料表征方面的独特专业知识。训练有素的HQP最终将为智能材料创新做出贡献，并使加拿大成为增材制造产品和压电器件的领导者。

Increasing global concerns about energy production, environmental pollution, and economy growth demand groundbreaking avenues for highly efficient structural and energy materials. Load-bearing, shape-transforming, energy converting, and autonomous sensing properties should coexist in multipurpose smart materials to unlock an unprecedented material property space for addressing the challenging demands. Multifunctional metamaterials can meet multiple functional requirements and deliver properties beyond what are found in naturally occurring materials. The unrivalled properties of metamaterials are mainly derived from their intricate underlying architecture. Additive manufacturing has emerged as a frontrunner for facile fabrication of mechanical metamaterials. The versatility of 3D printing-assisted fabrication also allows the production of functionalized passive/active ferroelectric materials to realize previously impossible smart metamaterials for tactile/temperature sensors and energy harvesters. The majority of rational designs of metamaterials have relied on intuition. However, tuning the unmatched properties of multifunctional metamaterials, comprised of mechanics and smart material realms, calls for understanding their programmability and size-effect traits. While metamaterials are usually periodic, metabeams/plates do not share the same level of periodicity. These advocate the necessity of developing a self-sufficient theory for designing multifunctional metamaterials/structures. Long-term vision of this research is to develop a platform for systematic, rather than intuitive, design of metamaterials for targeted functionalities. As short-term objectives and with roots in cellular solids and smart materials, we aim at creating programmable, reconfigurable, and size-dependent ferroelectric metamaterials. We inspire from crystallographic symmetry classes, harness elastic instability, exploit multiphysical stimuli, and utilize advanced manufacturing to introduce novel classified multifunctional metamaterials/structures. We resort to delicate topological design of cellular architecture and constitutive hinges, stability analyses, generalized continuum theory, multiphysics simulation, 3D printing, and experimental thermo-electro-mechanical characterization tests. The programmable and tunable architected multifunctional metamaterials/structures will enable offering cutting-edge economic solutions for the realization of next generation resilient smart components. This program provides HQP with well-defined training plans to gain a unique blend of expertise in architectural metamaterial design, non-classical continuum-based modelling, multiscale multiphysics simulation, 3D printing and advanced fabrication, and experimental material characterization. The trained skillful HQP will eventually contribute towards smart material innovation and keep Canada as a leader in additively-manufactured products and piezoelectric devices.