Basic processes in visual word identification

视觉词识别的基本过程

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2017-04628
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.82万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    加拿大
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助国家:
    加拿大
  • 起止时间:
    2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The ability to read is a skill that is essential to modern living. This skill is acquired, and even university students vary widely in how skilled they are. This skill is also intimately related to attention and automaticity. I hold the view that individual properties of “automaticity” need to be investigated separately. For example, many processes are automatic in the restricted sense that they are unconscious, but the extent to which they use or require different kinds of attention (e.g., spatial attention; central attention; executive attention), are issues that need individual investigation. A working hypothesis is that there are various dissociations between these indices, based on my previous research in the last granting period. For example, spatial attention is a necessary preliminary for all word recognition processes, regardless of how skilled the reader is (indeed, simply increasing the spacing between letters in a word helps young dyslexics readers; this occurs because for such readers one of their difficulties is weak spatial attention and hence normally spaced letters crowd each other). In contrast, the need for "central" attention (operationally defined in the context a paradigm where two tasks overlap in time, similar, arguably, to word identification processes on one word overlapping with ongoing comprehension processes for adjacent words) may well vary as a function of skill for various individual processes (sublexical- below the level of the word; lexical-word level, and semantic). Many of our publications in the last granting period have focused on these issues in skilled readers, and in this grant application I continue this line of work, but include the inter-relationships between attention and automaticity (measured and defined in multiple ways) and skill (defined as “reading” skill at the single word level) combined with levels of working memory capacity. I continue to address the issue of which word recognition processes (sublexical, lexical and semantic) require which form of attention, rather than being “automatic”. The experimental work I am proposing involves the role of (a) spatial attention (b) central attention, (b) executive attention (set), and how they are involved (or not) in sublexical, lexical and semantic level processing as a function of reading skill and working memory capacity. I will utilize both cognitive and cognitive neuroscience paradigms to investigate these issues. The research from my lab is at the forefront of the field which considers the intersection of word recognition and attention, and makes Canada a major player in this endeavour. Importantly, there is an applied payoff for such work given the 2 million people in Canada who are functionally illiterate (as in the example provided above re spatial attention). As for graduate students and post docs who work with me, they can either go into industry (as several have done) or go in academic positions.
阅读能力是现代生活必不可少的一项技能。这种技能是后天获得的,即使是大学生,他们的技能水平也有很大差异。这项技能也与注意力和自动化密切相关。我认为“自动性”的个别属性需要单独研究。例如,许多过程在无意识的有限意义上是自动的,但它们使用或需要不同类型的注意力(例如空间注意力;中央注意力;执行注意力)的程度是需要单独研究的问题。 根据我之前在上一个授权期间的研究,一个有效的假设是这些指数之间存在各种分离。例如,无论读者的熟练程度如何,空间注意力都是所有单词识别过程的必要准备(事实上,简单地增加单词中字母之间的间距有助于年轻的阅读困难读者;发生这种情况是因为对于此类读者来说,他们的困难之一是空间注意力较弱,因此通常间隔的字母会相互拥挤)。相比之下,对“中心”注意力的需求(在上下文中定义为两个任务在时间上重叠的范式,可以说类似于一个单词的单词识别过程与相邻单词的持续理解过程重叠)可能会随着各种单独过程的技能而变化(词下-单词级别以下;词汇单词级别和语义)。我们在上一个资助期间的许多出版物都关注熟练读者的这些问题,在本次资助申请中,我继续这一工作,但包括注意力和自动化(以多种方式测量和定义)和技能(定义为单个单词级别的“阅读”技能)之间的相互关系以及工作记忆能力水平。我继续解决哪些单词识别过程(词下、词汇和语义)需要哪种形式的注意力的问题,而不是“自动”的。 我提出的实验工作涉及(a)空间注意力(b)中央注意力,(b)执行注意力(集合)的作用,以及它们如何参与(或不参与)词汇下、词汇和语义层面的处理,作为阅读技能和工作记忆能力的函数。 我将利用认知和认知神经科学范式来研究这些问题。我实验室的研究处于该领域的前沿,该研究考虑了单词识别和注意力的交叉点,并使加拿大成为这一努力的主要参与者。重要的是,考虑到加拿大有 200 万人是功能性文盲(如上面提供的关于空间注意力的示例),此类工作是有实际回报的。至于和我一起工作的研究生和博士后,他们要么进入工业界(正如一些人所做的那样),要么进入学术职位。

项目成果

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besner, derek其他文献

besner, derek的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('besner, derek', 18)}}的其他基金

Basic processes in visual word identification
视觉词识别的基本过程
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2017-04628
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.82万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Basic processes in visual word identification
视觉词识别的基本过程
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2017-04628
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.82万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Basic processes in visual word identification
视觉词识别的基本过程
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2017-04628
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.82万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual

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Basic processes in visual word identification
视觉词识别的基本过程
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2017-04628
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.82万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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视觉词识别的基本过程
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2017-04628
  • 财政年份:
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  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.82万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Basic processes in visual word identification
视觉词识别的基本过程
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2017-04628
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.82万
  • 项目类别:
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