Innovation in air filtration devices using advanced salt recrystallization techniques

带电过滤器广泛用于空气过滤装置和防止空气污染物的个人防护措施。然而，电荷衰减和疏水性质的过滤纤维提出了一个关注其性能对生物气溶胶。因此，过滤器上捕获的细菌等生物污染物可以存活许多天，由于交叉感染，新的气溶胶释放和污染废物，对公共安全构成直接危险。因此，开发一种创新机制来提高现有过滤装置对生物气溶胶的性能，并应用该概念来制造能够快速灭活细菌的新过滤装置是至关重要的。 我们的目的是开发一种简单而有效的抗菌过滤装置，利用聚丙烯（PP）纤维和盐重结晶现象。涂盐的空气过滤器不仅可以防止生物气溶胶的传播，而且可以物理破坏它们。具体而言，当载有细菌的气溶胶与过滤器纤维接触时，盐涂层溶解，然后盐随着气溶胶蒸发而重结晶。这通过抗原的变性和/或脂质包膜的破坏导致细菌的失活。在这个项目中，我们将主要致力于盐涂层PP过滤器的设计，开发和性能测试。通过用盐水制剂浸泡或喷涂PP过滤器，然后干燥，形成盐涂层。通过改变盐浓度和干燥方法，可以控制包覆盐晶体的厚度和形态。盐涂层将进行优化，以满足不同的应用特定的要求。例如，通过分别改变盐类型和表面活性剂，将改善在不同湿度条件和基底类型下的稳定性。我们将根据监管机构的标准，通过测量压降、过滤效率、时间依赖性感染性变化、菌株非特异性、环境稳定性和可重复使用性，评估原型空气过滤器的性能。 该计划的技术成果将推动保护加拿大人和世界免受生物气溶胶影响的总体战略。这反过来又将有助于加拿大经济，将研究成果扩大到专门从事个人/公共保护措施的行业（即机舱空气和HVAC过滤器，面罩和加湿器），并促进向工业伙伴转让技术。最终，该计划将导致在先进材料科学，过滤器制造/表面改性技术和生物技术方面的高素质人员的多学科培训，并使加拿大成为全球寻找有效的空气过滤装置对抗细菌污染的最前沿。

Electrically charged filters are widely used in air filtration devices and personal protective measures against airborne contaminants. However, electrical charge decay and hydrophobic nature of the filter fibers raise a concern over their performance against bioaerosols. As a result, the biological contaminants such as bacteria captured on filters can survive for many days, posing an immediate danger to public safety due to cross-infection, new aerosol release, and contaminated waste. Therefore, it is critical to develop an innovative mechanism to increase the performance of existing filtration devices against bioaerosols and apply the concept to fabricate new filtration devices capable of inactivating bacteria swiftly. We aim to develop a simple yet efficient antibacterial filter device, utilizing polypropylene (PP) fibers and salt recrystallization phenomenon. Salt-coated air filters can be designed not only to prevent transmission of bioaerosols but to physically destroy them. Specifically, when the bacteria-laden aerosols make contact with the filter fibers, the salt coating dissolves and then salt recrystallizes as aerosols evaporate. This causes inactivation of the bacteria through denaturation of antigens and/or destruction of lipid envelopes. In this program, we will be primarily dedicated to the design, development, and performance testing of the salt-coated PP filters. A salt coating will be formed by soaking or spraying the PP filters with a saline formulation, followed by drying. The thickness and morphology of the coated salt crystals will be controlled by varying salt concentration and drying method. The salt coating will be optimized to meet diverse application-specific requirements. For example, stability at different humidity conditions and substrate types will be improved by varying salt types and surfactants, respectively. We will evaluate the performance of the prototype air filters against regulatory agency standards by measuring pressure drop, filtration efficiency, time-dependent infectivity change, strain non-specificity, environmental stability, and reusability. The technological outcomes of this program will advance the general strategy to protect the Canadians and the world against bioaerosols. This in turn will contribute to the Canadian economy by expanding research outcomes to the industries specializing in personal/public protective measures (i.e. cabin air and HVAC filters, facial masks, and respirators), and promoting technology transfer to industrial partners. Ultimately, this program will lead to the multidisciplinary training of highly qualified personnel in advanced materials science, filter fabrication/surface modification techniques, and biotechnology, and bring Canada to the forefront of the universal search of an efficient air filtration device against bacterial pollution.