Toward a Core-Processes Approach to Event Memory

走向事件记忆的核心进程方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04537
• 负责人: Brown, Norman
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=712381
• 关键词: Toward; Core; Processes; Approach; Event

It is parsimonious to assume that a core set of processes is involved in encoding, revising, and structuring event memories, and that these processes are used regardless of whether the events in question are experienced directly or vicariously and regardless of whether they refer to actual occurrences, imagined occurrences, or fictional ones. The research projects out lined in this proposal will address this assumption by testing predictions generated from Transition Theory (TT; Brown, 2016; Brown, et at., 2012, 2016) and by using methods developed to investigate autobiographical memory to explore the ways that people access and represent fictional events. The general expectation is that these projects, and others to follow, will contribute to a Core-processes Approach to event memory and that TT will play an important role in the development of this approach. In brief, TT assumes that memory for events mirrors the structure of (lived or conveyed) experience and that event processing engages both basic associative processes and high-level comprehension processes. Because it does not treat the Self as its central construct, TT has the potential of generalizing across a wide range of event memories. The proposal itself outlines two sets of studies. The first is a direct extension of the Living-in-History project (Brown et al., 2009, 2012, 2016) and will assess the mnemonic impact of natural disasters (e.g., the High River Flood, the Fort McMurray and Lesser Slave Lake Fires) within a Canadian context. TT predicts that the effect of a given transition will depend on its long-term impact on an individual's fabric-of-daily life. Thus the same nominal event (i.e., disaster) can and should affect autobiographical memory in very different ways. The second project will use well-established autobiographical memory methods (e.g., event-cueing, retrieval-strategy menus and RTs, event-pair relation-type menus; Brown Uzer & Brown, 2017) to investigate how people organize and retrieve events from the Harry Potter series. Core-processes Approach assumes that event memories, regardless of their ontological status, are processed and represented in much the same way. Thus I expect to find many parallels between autobiographical memory and Pott-ographical memories. The notion that narrative understanding and autobiographical memory share a common set of processes and representations has an obvious intuitive appeal. However, the idea has rarely been explored in a systematic manner and there has not yet been a serious attempt to develop a theory that bridges these potentially related research areas. The research outlined above is intended to address both gaps by demonstrating how similar performance across domains and by furthering our understanding of transitions, particularly collective transitions driven by climate change, and the role they play in autobiographical memory.

假设编码、修改和构建事件记忆涉及一组核心过程，并且无论所讨论的事件是直接经历的还是间接经历的，也无论它们涉及实际发生的事件、想象的发生的事件还是虚构的事件，这些过程的使用都是简约的。本提案中列出的研究项目将通过测试过渡理论（TT；Brown，2016；Brown 等，2012、2016）生成的预测，并使用为调查自传体记忆而开发的方法来探索人们访问和再现虚构事件的方式来解决这一假设。人们普遍期望这些项目以及后续的其他项目将为事件记忆的核心流程方法做出贡献，并且 TT 将在该方法的开发中发挥重要作用。简而言之，TT 假设事件记忆反映了（生活或传达的）经验的结构，并且事件处理涉及基本的联想过程和高级理解过程。由于 TT 不将自我视为其中心结构，因此具有泛化广泛事件记忆的潜力。 该提案本身概述了两组研究。第一个是“活在历史”项目（Brown 等人，2009、2012、2016）的直接延伸，并将评估加拿大背景下自然灾害（例如高河洪水、麦克默里堡和小奴湖火灾）的记忆影响。 TT 预测，特定转变的效果将取决于其对个人日常生活结构的长期影响。因此，同一个名义上的事件（即灾难）可以而且应该以截然不同的方式影响自传体记忆。第二个项目将使用成熟的自传体记忆方法（例如，事件提示、检索策略菜单和 RT、事件对关系型菜单；Brown Uzer & Brown，2017）来调查人们如何组织和检索《哈利·波特》系列中的事件。核心过程方法假设事件记忆，无论其本体状态如何，都以大致相同的方式进行处理和表示。因此，我希望在自传体记忆和波特记忆之间找到许多相似之处。 叙事理解和自传体记忆共享一组共同的过程和表征，这一概念具有明显的直观吸引力。然而，这个想法很少被系统地探索，也没有认真尝试发展一种理论来连接这些潜在相关的研究领域。上述研究旨在通过展示跨领域的相似表现以及加深我们对转型（特别是由气候变化驱动的集体转型）及其在自传记忆中发挥的作用的理解来解决这两个问题。