Toward a Core-Processes Approach to Event Memory

假设编码、修改和构建事件记忆涉及一组核心过程是简略的，并且不管所讨论的事件是直接经历还是间接经历，也不管它们是指实际发生的事件、想象发生的事件还是虚构的事件，都使用这些过程。本提案中列出的研究项目将通过测试过渡理论（TT; Brown, 2016; Brown, et at）产生的预测来解决这一假设。（2012, 2016），并通过使用研究自传体记忆的方法来探索人们访问和代表虚构事件的方式。一般的期望是，这些项目以及后续的其他项目将为事件内存的核心流程方法做出贡献，并且TT将在该方法的开发中发挥重要作用。简而言之，TT假设对事件的记忆反映了（生活或传达）经验的结构，事件处理涉及基本的联想过程和高级的理解过程。因为它不把自我当作中心构念，所以TT有可能泛化到大范围的事件记忆中。提案本身概述了两套研究。第一个是“活在历史中”项目的直接延伸（Brown等人，2009年、2012年、2016年），将在加拿大的背景下评估自然灾害（如高河洪水、麦克默里堡和小奴隶湖火灾）对记忆的影响。TT预测，一个特定转变的效果将取决于它对个人日常生活结构的长期影响。因此，相同的名义事件（即灾难）能够而且应该以非常不同的方式影响自传式记忆。第二个项目将使用完善的自传式记忆方法（例如，事件线索，检索策略菜单和RTs，事件对关系类型菜单；Brown Uzer & Brown, 2017）来调查人们如何组织和检索哈利波特系列中的事件。核心过程方法假设事件记忆，无论其本体状态如何，都以大致相同的方式被处理和表示。因此，我期望在自传式记忆和波特式记忆之间找到许多相似之处。叙述性理解和自传式记忆具有一套共同的过程和表征，这一概念具有明显的直观吸引力。然而，这个想法很少以系统的方式进行探索，而且还没有一个认真的尝试来发展一个理论，将这些潜在的相关研究领域联系起来。上面概述的研究旨在通过展示跨领域的相似表现，以及通过进一步理解过渡，特别是由气候变化驱动的集体过渡，以及它们在自传体记忆中发挥的作用，来解决这两个差距。

It is parsimonious to assume that a core set of processes is involved in encoding, revising, and structuring event memories, and that these processes are used regardless of whether the events in question are experienced directly or vicariously and regardless of whether they refer to actual occurrences, imagined occurrences, or fictional ones. The research projects out lined in this proposal will address this assumption by testing predictions generated from Transition Theory (TT; Brown, 2016; Brown, et at., 2012, 2016) and by using methods developed to investigate autobiographical memory to explore the ways that people access and represent fictional events. The general expectation is that these projects, and others to follow, will contribute to a Core-processes Approach to event memory and that TT will play an important role in the development of this approach. In brief, TT assumes that memory for events mirrors the structure of (lived or conveyed) experience and that event processing engages both basic associative processes and high-level comprehension processes. Because it does not treat the Self as its central construct, TT has the potential of generalizing across a wide range of event memories. The proposal itself outlines two sets of studies. The first is a direct extension of the Living-in-History project (Brown et al., 2009, 2012, 2016) and will assess the mnemonic impact of natural disasters (e.g., the High River Flood, the Fort McMurray and Lesser Slave Lake Fires) within a Canadian context. TT predicts that the effect of a given transition will depend on its long-term impact on an individual's fabric-of-daily life. Thus the same nominal event (i.e., disaster) can and should affect autobiographical memory in very different ways. The second project will use well-established autobiographical memory methods (e.g., event-cueing, retrieval-strategy menus and RTs, event-pair relation-type menus; Brown Uzer & Brown, 2017) to investigate how people organize and retrieve events from the Harry Potter series. Core-processes Approach assumes that event memories, regardless of their ontological status, are processed and represented in much the same way. Thus I expect to find many parallels between autobiographical memory and Pott-ographical memories. The notion that narrative understanding and autobiographical memory share a common set of processes and representations has an obvious intuitive appeal. However, the idea has rarely been explored in a systematic manner and there has not yet been a serious attempt to develop a theory that bridges these potentially related research areas. The research outlined above is intended to address both gaps by demonstrating how similar performance across domains and by furthering our understanding of transitions, particularly collective transitions driven by climate change, and the role they play in autobiographical memory.