Characterizing neural profiles in males & females, as well as their relation to sex hormones: A multimodal imaging approach

标题：男性神经影像学和皮层电成像方法中的神经轮廓特征。这项研究的总体目标是合理地整合两性在正在进行和未来的神经科学工作，以及解释神经科学数据使用性别意识的“透镜。 历史上，女性在很大程度上被排除在神经科学（以及更全球化的医学）研究之外，这在很大程度上是因为波动的激素可能会影响神经功能，因此需要加以控制。当包括女性时，在解释结果时通常不考虑激素的影响，从而在研究中产生偏见。在拟议的计划中，神经配置文件将在休息状态以及在空间旋转和面部表情识别任务进行检查，这些领域已被证明表现出微妙的性别之间的行为差异。还将检查脑形态学特征（皮质厚度/结构体积）。这项研究将使用脑电图（EEG）和EEG衍生的事件相关电位（ERP）以及神经影像学方法进行。ERPs的精确时间分辨率允许评估前意识皮层过程，例如情绪刺激的自动视觉检测，以及更多的认知，后来发生的神经元过程。EEG/ERP数据非常丰富，可以通过多种方式进行分析。因此，分析EEG/ERP数据的多路复用方法可以极大地促进我们对男性和女性大脑的理解，以及这些神经特征如何与性激素相关;这将是本计划A部分的重点。部分B，将利用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）数据的高超空间分辨率，以深入了解与情绪/认知处理相关的神经区域，以及在休息状态下，男性和女性。将结合同时记录的EEG/ERP指数分析该数据。总之，这些信息将为男性/女性大脑的独特/重叠特征以及它们与性激素的关系提供最全面和丰富的图片。

TITLE: Characterizing neural profiles in males eral neuroimaging and electrocortical approaches in tandem. The overarching goal of this research is to rationally integrate both sexes in ongoing and future neuroscience work, as well as to interpret neuroscience data using a gender conscious' lens. Females have historically been largely excluded from neuroscience (and, more globally, medical) research due, in large part, to the fact that fluctuating hormones may influence neural features, and thus need to be controlled for. When females are included, hormonal effects are generally not considered when interpreting results, creating a bias in research. In the proposed program, neural profiles will be examined during resting-states as well as during a spatial rotation and facial expression recognition task; these domains have been shown to exhibit subtle behavioural differences between the sexes. Morphometric brain features will also be examined (cortical thickness/structural volume). This research will be conducted using electroencephalography (EEG) and EEG-derived event-related potentials (ERPs), as well as neuroimaging approaches. The exquisite temporal resolution of ERPs allows for assessment of pre-conscious cortical processes, such as automatic visual detection of emotive stimuli, and more cognitive, later-occurring, neuronal processes. EEG/ERP data is extremely rich, and can be analyzed in several ways. Thus, a multiplexed approach in analyzing EEG/ERP data can greatly advance our understanding of male and female brains, and how such neural profiles are related to sex hormones; this will be the focus of Part A of this program. Part B, will capitalize on the superb spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to gain insight into the neural regions associated with emotional/cognitive processing, as well as during resting-states, in males and females. This data will be analyzed in conjunction with simultaneously recorded EEG/ERP indices. Together, this information will provide the most holistic and rich picture of the distinct/overlapping features of male/female brains, and how they relate to sex hormones.