Silicon-based Batteries: Periodic Nanostructuration for enhanced properties

硅基电池：周期性纳米结构可增强性能

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04807
• 负责人: Machon, Denis
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=717416
• 关键词: Silicon; based; Batteries; Periodic; Nanostructuration

Increasing the silicon content in Li-ion battery anodes is a target and a challenge. The capacity of Si is ten times higher than in graphite but the durability is a bottleneck. Indeed, during lithiation, the alloying reactions induce volume variations of the order of 300%, generating significant stress and rapid degradation of the electrode. There is a consensus on the interest of using nanostructured silicon for increasing the durability of the Li-ion battery anodes. Nevertheless, improvement of performance has been uneven and the reasons for these discrepancies have not been fully apprehended. Our hypothesis is that the nanostructuration needs to be organized and, even better, periodic. The proposed research program aims at boosting the performance of silicon-based electrodes for Li-ion batteries by electrodes by a design of materials inspired by the topology of cellular materials with exceptional mechanical properties. Therefore, the general idea of this program is to optimize the mechanical properties by organizing the porosity of silicon nanostructures. The strategy consists of i) Designing porous periodic Si with increasing complexity, from organized, periodic mesoporous silicon to Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) using different synthesis methods; ii) Modelling, characterizing and optimizing their mechanical properties; iii) Testing the electrochemical properties and characterizing the electrochemically-induced effects on our optimized structures. The overall objective is validating our working hypothesis and delivering a proof of concept that will definitely trigger a larger amount of research and development activities to produce better structured porous architectures and increase the Si content of a composite anode for Li-ion batteries to a maximum possible value, by following our guidelines and roadmap. Ten HQPs (3 PhDs, 2 Mscs, 5 interns) will benefit from training on a cutting-edge research topic in the field of energy materials field.

提高锂离子电池阳极中的硅含量是一个目标，也是一个挑战。硅的容量是石墨的十倍，但耐久性是一个瓶颈。事实上，在锂化过程中，合金化反应引起300%数量级的体积变化，产生显著的应力和电极的快速降解。 对于使用纳米结构硅来增加锂离子电池阳极的耐久性的兴趣存在共识。然而，业绩的改善并不均衡，造成这些差异的原因尚未得到充分理解。我们的假设是，纳米结构需要有组织的，甚至更好的是，周期性的。拟议的研究计划旨在通过电极提高锂离子电池硅基电极的性能，其材料设计灵感来自具有特殊机械性能的蜂窝材料的拓扑结构。因此，该计划的总体思路是通过组织硅纳米结构的孔隙率来优化机械性能。 该战略包括 i）使用不同的合成方法设计具有增加的复杂性的多孔周期性Si，从有组织的周期性中孔硅到三周期性最小表面（TPMS）; ㈡对其机械性能进行建模、表征和优化; iii）测试电化学性质并表征对我们优化的结构的电化学诱导效应。 总体目标是验证我们的工作假设，并提供概念验证，这肯定会引发大量的研发活动，以生产更好的结构化多孔结构，并通过遵循我们的指导方针和路线图，将锂离子电池复合阳极的硅含量提高到最大可能值。 10名HQP（3名博士，2名MSC，5名实习生）将受益于能源材料领域前沿研究课题的培训。