Advanced Hybrid SFA/EMTP Simulator for Seamless Integration of Power Systems Dynamics and EMT Transients

预计到2050年，世界总电能的70%将基于风能和太阳能。这种基于逆变器的发电（IBG）的持续增加的量正在削弱传统大型水力和热力同步发电机的等效机械惯性以及电力系统穿越正常系统动态的能力。 传统的电力系统分析软件的稳态和动态系统的操作，如潮流，暂态和动态稳定性，电压和频率稳定性，是基于相量分析的电气系统和解决机电方程的发电机。这种方法在高机械惯性的假设下是有效的，该假设使得系统时间常数对于故障和切换动作为毫秒级，或者对于负载/发电调速器控制为秒级。然而，随着IBG的渗透和系统的机械惯性的减小，稳态运行中的扰动将引起更大的角度、电压和频率的偏差，并且由系统调节器施加的限制和系统继电器的设置将需要修改。另一方面，IBG子系统和其他与交流电网相互作用的电力电子设备的解决方案通常使用在微秒范围内工作的EMT软件来完成。 目前正在努力将相量解决方案与EMT解决方案相结合。 然而，由于概念和数值的困难，涉及两个系统的不同性质的接口，不同的解决方法，不同的集成步骤，这些问题的基础研究是需要开发通用的仿真软件，可以无缝集成任意数量的子系统建模与相量或EMT方法。 本提案中工作的主要动机是找到更好的解决相量和EMT系统接口问题的方案，以改善或消除电流限制。我们希望开发通用的解决方案，可以无缝地连接任何数量的子系统表示为相量或EMT，而不必使用迭代，减少等效，或缓冲区。为了实现这些目标，必须解决一些数字和基本概念问题。NSERC发现补助金是加拿大支持实现这些突破所需的基础研究的适当补助金。 这些解决方案的影响在电力系统领域是深远的，因为工业从基本的60 Hz系统过渡到混合系统。

It is expected that for the year 2050, 70% of the total electrical energy in the world will be based on wind and solar. This continuously increasing amount of Inverter Based Generation (IBG) is weakening the equivalent mechanical inertia of traditional large hydro and thermal synchronous generators and the ability of the power system to ride through normal system dynamics. Traditional power systems analysis software for steady state and dynamic system operation, such as power flow, transient and dynamic stability, and voltage and frequency stability, are based on phasor analysis for the electrical system and solving the electromechanical equations for the generators. This approach is valid under the assumption of high mechanical inertia that brings the system time constants to the order of the milliseconds for faults and switching actions, or seconds for load/generation governor control. However, with the penetration of IBGs and the decrease of the system's mechanical inertia, the disturbances in the steady state operation will give rise to stronger deviations in angle, voltage, and frequency, and the limits imposed by the system regulators and the settings of the system relays will need revisions. On the other hand, the solution of the IBG subsystems and other power electronics equipment that interact with the AC grid is normally done with EMT software that works in the range of the microseconds. Strong efforts are currently being made to integrate phasor solutions with EMT solutions. However, because of the conceptual and numerical difficulties involved in interfacing two systems of different nature, with different solution methods, and different integration steps, fundamental research into these issues is needed for developing general purpose simulation software that can seamlessly integrate an arbitrary number of subsystems modelled with phasor or EMT methods. The main motivation of the work in this proposal is to find better solutions to the issues of interfacing phasor and EMT systems that improve on or remove the current limitations. We want to develop general solutions that can join seamlessly any number of subsystems represented as phasor or EMT, without having to use iterations, reduced equivalents, or buffer zones. A number of numerical and fundamental conceptual issues have to be addressed to achieve these objectives. The NSERC Discovery grant is the apropriate grant in Canada to supports the fundamental research needed to achieve these breakthroughs. The impact of these solutions is far reaching in the power systems community as industry makes its transition from a fundamentally 60 Hz system to a hybrid system.