Evaluation of Microplastic Contamination in Canadian Drinking Waters

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Research conducted by the Drinking Water Research Group at the University of Toronto has observed microplastics to be ubiquitous in drinking water sources and treated drinking water. The extent of microplastic contamination and their treatability is, however, poorly understood, dictating that research be conducted for water systems across Canada. The requested automated Raman Spectrometer - Confocal Raman Microscope will allow for quantification and characterization of particles as small as 2 µm. This instrument will be used to evaluate the presence and composition of microplastics present in sources of drinking water across Canada. In addition, treatability associated with a range of conventional and advanced processes will be examined which will provide foundational information that will greatly assist in the evaluation of potential health impacts of microplastics as vectors of transmission of sorbed chemical and biological contaminants. Microplastics range in size from 1 to 5,000 µm and may comprise a variety of shapes (e.g. fibers, films, fragments, etc.) and polymer types (e.g. PP, PET, PVC, etc.). They have been observed in both drinking water sources (e.g. lakes, rivers) and treated water. The removal of microplastics by conventional and advanced drinking water treatments is poorly understood, and subsequently the potential health impacts associated with consumption have not yet been well examined. Furthermore, microplastics may serve as vectors of chemical and biological contaminants, potentially resulting in sorbed organic compounds that exceed background levels in lakes and rivers. The proposed research will utilize the requested equipment to better understand the extent and occurrence of microplastic contamination in drinking water sources; their removal by conventional and advanced treatment; and ultimately the potential health implications associated with their ingestions via tap water. This instrument will allow for automated sizing and classification of specific polymer types, allowing research and increased productivity. This instrument is required to facilitate research which is vital to help ensure that Canadian drinking water consumers are protected from potential risks associated with microplastic contamination; to give water providers the information they need to improve the removal of microplastics; and to provide regulators with data necessary to implement both monitoring and treatment requirements. Without the requested instrument, the proposed research will be significantly impacted and prevent an increased understanding of microplastics in drinking water from being achieved.