Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry for Online Detection and Quantification of Gas Evolution in Energy Storage and Conversion Systems

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This proposal requests the purchase of a differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) system. The DEMS system is a state-of-the-art tool that allows high-sensitive, time-resolved, and quantitative measurements for gases generated in complex energy systems. It will be used to enhance research innovation and student training for leading research programs in energy storage and conversion in the Engineering and Chemistry Department at the University of British Columbia. Energy storage and conversion technologies play critical roles in the deployment of renewable energy, the decarbonization of the Candian economy, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Gas evolution, i.e., the generation or conversion of gaseous intermediates, products, and by-products, occurs in many energy storage and conversion systems and can significantly affect their durability, safety, and efficiency. One notable example is the explosion of lithium-ion batteries caused by the build-up of gases, such as O2, H2, C2H4, CO, etc., over repeated cycling under abuse conditions. Understanding the root causes of gas generation in these systems is critical for developing counter strategies and preventing catastrophic disaster. However, it remains extremely challenging to detect and quantify the gas evolution in these energy systems due to the complex reactions involved, low concentration of gases, and sealed systems. The DEMS system will enable real-time quantitative analysis of gases with high sensitivity and time-resolvability in these complex energy systems. This invaluable information will map out precisely how these gases are produced or converted, and therefore help us design and develop safer, more durable, and more efficient energy storage and conversion technologies. The research enabled by the DEMS equipment will not only accelerate the development and commercialization of clean technology but also advance the knowledge in fundamental analytical and interfacial science. The research innovations are vital for enabling a greener and better lifestyle for all Canadians.