Nanoparticle Arrays for Novel, Organized Perovskites Assisted by Copolymer assembly Kinetics (NANOPACK): Designer nanomaterials for energy applications

共聚物组装动力学辅助的新型有序钙钛矿纳米粒子阵列 (NANOPACK)：用于能源应用的设计纳米材料

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05994
• 负责人: Turak, Ayse
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=738645
• 关键词: Nanoparticle; Arrays; Novel; Organized; Perovskites

The next generation of solar cells need to be cheap, accessible and flexible for widespread adoption. To reach the ambitious targets set by the IPCC report for achieving global carbon neutrality by 2050, there needs to be a wide scale move to sustainable approaches including a shift to electric vehicles for mass transportation and the redesign of buildings for energy efficiency.  Integrated solar is expected to be a major part of that move. 2017 saw record growth in global PV with a 33% increase in newly installed capacity over 2016. Cheap, accessible, and flexible solar cells that cover every surface are key pushing forward to the ambitious goal of photovoltaics constituting 30-50% of the global electricity share by 2050. Recently, metal-organic halide perovskites have emerged as the most promising new material amongst all photovoltaic technologies for low-cost mass production of devices that cover large areas. They have already achieved in-lab efficiency that surpasses other emerging technologies, including CdTe and CIGS, and even rival that of Si for single junction cells. Additionally, they have extremely low processing requirements. A high tolerance for both electronic and crystallographic defects leads to high efficiency devices from many deposition approaches, many combinations of perovskite materials, and many particle sizes. However, commercialization of any new technology has challenges. Due to the effectiveness of perovskites as an absorber material, a major bottleneck in reaching high efficiency devices are centered around the heterogeneity and quality of the interfaces at the contacts. Based on my nanoparticle/interface expertise gained with the support of my previous Discovery Grant, my proposed research program aims to address these issues using an innovative technique to incorporate homogenous, monodispersed, solution processed nanoparticles at interfaces in perovskite devices, to tackle issues of efficiency, stability and homogeneity. The other major aim of the proposed program is to tackle challenges to commercialization, such as the toxicity of Pb (currently a critical component of metal-organic perovskites) or the instability of the organic cation, by focussing on material development.  Producing large area, monodispersed, homogenous perovskite nanoparticles, using ambient deposition techniques that are adaptable to industrial scale-up are key innovations that will result from the proposed program.

下一代太阳能电池必须价格便宜、易于使用且灵活，才能得到广泛采用。为了实现 IPCC 报告设定的到 2050 年实现全球碳中和的雄心勃勃的目标，需要大规模转向可持续方法，包括转向电动汽车作为公共交通以及重新设计建筑物以提高能源效率。  预计集成太阳能将成为这一举措的主要部分。 2017 年全球光伏发电量创历史新高，新增装机容量较 2016 年增长 33%。覆盖各个表面的廉价、易于使用且灵活的太阳能电池是推动实现到 2050 年光伏发电占全球电力份额 30-50% 的宏伟目标的关键。最近，金属有机卤化物钙钛矿已成为所有光伏技术中最有前途的新材料，可用于低成本大规模生产太阳能电池。 覆盖大面积的设备。 它们已经在实验室中实现了超越其他新兴技术（包括 CdTe 和 CIGS）的效率，甚至可以与单结电池的硅相媲美。此外，它们的加工要求极低。对电子和晶体缺陷的高容忍度可以通过多种沉积方法、钙钛矿材料的多种组合和多种颗粒尺寸来实现高效器件。然而，任何新技术的商业化都面临挑战。由于钙钛矿作为吸收材料的有效性，实现高效器件的主要瓶颈集中在接触处界面的异质性和质量。基于我在之前的发现补助金的支持下获得的纳米颗粒/界面专业知识，我提出的研究计划旨在使用创新技术解决这些问题，在钙钛矿器件的界面上结合均质、单分散、溶液处理的纳米颗粒，以解决效率、稳定性和均质性问题。该计划的另一个主要目标是通过专注于材料开发来解决商业化方面的挑战，例如铅（目前是金属有机钙钛矿的关键成分）的毒性或有机阳离子的不稳定性。  使用适合工业规模放大的环境沉积技术来生产大面积、单分散、均质的钙钛矿纳米粒子，是该计划所带来的关键创新。