The use of facial information from developmental prosopagnosics to super-recognizers

从发育性脸盲症到超级识别器的面部信息的使用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06607
• 负责人: Gosselin, Frédéric
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741031
• 关键词: use; facial; information; developmental; prosopagnosics

Face-recognition abilities differ largely in the neurologically typical population. At one end of the spectrum, developmental prosopagnosics show great difficulty recognizing faces, despite not having sustained any brain injuries. At the other end of the spectrum, super-recognizers easily recognize faces they have not seen in years, even if these faces have physically changed in a substantial manner. In my last DG cycle, I've begun to examine how the use of facial information is linked with these face-recognition abilities. For example, I've shown that the use of the eye located on the right side of the face image from the observer's viewpoint correlates positively with performance at a gender discrimination task whereas the use of the left eye correlates negatively with this performance. To go beyond these correlations, I've also shown that observers, who had undergone an implicit training aimed at increasing the use of the right eye, used this facial region more than they initially did and, as expected, improved their performance more than controls. This is the first clear evidence of a causal link between the use of specific face information and face recognition ability. In this DG cycle, I will continue this work. My DG proposal has three specific aims: 1) Develop and test more efficient methods for measuring the use of visual information. To reduce testing time, I've begun to test an EEG frequency-tagging method that promises to reveal the use of face information in just a few s (the method I used previously takes over 30 min). I will continue to develop and test this method as well as other methods. 2) Develop and test better methods for inducing the use of specific visual information. The EEG frequency-tagging method is fast enough that its use-of-information signal could provide neurofeedback to train implicitly observers to alter their use of face information. I will develop and test this induction method as well as other methods. 3) Examine further the links between information usage and face recognition ability. I've only begun this work. Many questions remain: e.g. What is the link between use of information to detect faces, to categorize the emotion expressed by faces, or to categorize the race of faces and ability at these tasks? I will use these EEG methods as well as other methods to tackle these questions and many more. These advances should also lead to straightforward insights for improving face processing in both developmental prosopagnosics and people whose jobs require strong face processing ability such as police officers, security agents, and customs officials. Thus, the outcomes of this research program are expected to fundamentally advance our understanding of key issues in perception while also having a valuable impact on health, well-being, and national security.

面部识别能力在神经系统典型人群中差异很大。在光谱的一端，发育性面容失认症显示出识别面孔的巨大困难，尽管没有遭受任何脑损伤。在另一端，超级识别者很容易识别出他们多年未见的面孔，即使这些面孔已经发生了实质性的变化。在我上一个DG周期中，我已经开始研究面部信息的使用如何与这些面部识别能力联系起来。例如，我已经证明，从观察者的角度来看，使用位于面部图像右侧的眼睛与性别歧视任务的表现呈正相关，而左眼的使用与此表现呈负相关。为了超越这些相关性，我还展示了观察者，他们经历了旨在增加右眼使用的内隐训练，比他们最初使用的更多，并且正如预期的那样，他们的表现比对照组更好。这是第一个明确的证据，证明特定人脸信息的使用与人脸识别能力之间存在因果关系。在这个DG周期中，我将继续这项工作。我的总干事建议有三个具体目标：1）开发和测试更有效的方法来衡量视觉信息的使用。为了减少测试时间，我已经开始测试一种EEG频率标记方法，该方法有望在几秒内揭示面部信息的使用（我以前使用的方法需要30分钟以上）。我将继续开发和测试这种方法以及其他方法。2)开发和测试更好的方法来诱导使用特定的视觉信息。EEG频率标记方法是足够快的，其使用的信息信号可以提供神经反馈，以训练隐式观察者改变他们的使用的面部信息。我将开发和测试这种归纳法以及其他方法。3)进一步研究信息使用和面部识别能力之间的联系。我才刚刚开始这项工作。许多问题仍然存在：例如，使用信息来检测面部、对面部表达的情感进行分类或对面部种族进行分类与这些任务的能力之间有什么联系？我将使用这些脑电图方法以及其他方法来解决这些问题和更多问题。这些进展也应该导致直接的见解，以改善面部处理在两个发展prosopagnosics和人的工作需要强大的面部处理能力，如警察，安全人员和海关官员。因此，这项研究计划的成果有望从根本上提高我们对感知中关键问题的理解，同时对健康，福祉和国家安全产生宝贵的影响。