The use of facial information from developmental prosopagnosics to super-recognizers

从发育性脸盲症到超级识别器的面部信息的使用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06607
• 负责人: Gosselin, Frédéric
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=763737
• 关键词: use; facial; information; developmental; prosopagnosics

Face-recognition abilities differ largely in the neurologically typical population. At one end of the spectrum, developmental prosopagnosics show great difficulty recognizing faces, despite not having sustained any brain injuries. At the other end of the spectrum, super-recognizers easily recognize faces they have not seen in years, even if these faces have physically changed in a substantial manner. In my last DG cycle, I've begun to examine how the use of facial information is linked with these face-recognition abilities. For example, I've shown that the use of the eye located on the right side of the face image from the observer's viewpoint correlates positively with performance at a gender discrimination task whereas the use of the left eye correlates negatively with this performance. To go beyond these correlations, I've also shown that observers, who had undergone an implicit training aimed at increasing the use of the right eye, used this facial region more than they initially did and, as expected, improved their performance more than controls. This is the first clear evidence of a causal link between the use of specific face information and face recognition ability. In this DG cycle, I will continue this work. My DG proposal has three specific aims: 1) Develop and test more efficient methods for measuring the use of visual information. To reduce testing time, I've begun to test an EEG frequency-tagging method that promises to reveal the use of face information in just a few s (the method I used previously takes over 30 min). I will continue to develop and test this method as well as other methods. 2) Develop and test better methods for inducing the use of specific visual information. The EEG frequency-tagging method is fast enough that its use-of-information signal could provide neurofeedback to train implicitly observers to alter their use of face information. I will develop and test this induction method as well as other methods. 3) Examine further the links between information usage and face recognition ability. I've only begun this work. Many questions remain: e.g. What is the link between use of information to detect faces, to categorize the emotion expressed by faces, or to categorize the race of faces and ability at these tasks? I will use these EEG methods as well as other methods to tackle these questions and many more. These advances should also lead to straightforward insights for improving face processing in both developmental prosopagnosics and people whose jobs require strong face processing ability such as police officers, security agents, and customs officials. Thus, the outcomes of this research program are expected to fundamentally advance our understanding of key issues in perception while also having a valuable impact on health, well-being, and national security.

面孔识别能力在神经学典型人群中差异很大。在光谱的一端，发育中的面孔认知学显示出极大的识别面孔的困难，尽管没有遭受任何脑损伤。在光谱的另一端，超级识别器很容易识别出他们多年没有见过的面孔，即使这些面孔在物理上发生了实质性的变化。在我的上一个DG周期中，我已经开始研究面部信息的使用是如何与这些面部识别能力联系在一起的。例如，我已经证明，从观察者的角度看，眼睛位于面部图像的右侧与性别歧视任务中的表现呈正相关，而左眼的使用与性别歧视任务的表现呈负相关。为了超越这些相关性，我还展示了观察者，他们接受了旨在增加右眼使用的隐性培训，他们比最初使用右眼更多地使用这一面部区域，正如预期的那样，他们的表现比对照组改善得更多。这是第一个明确的证据，表明特定人脸信息的使用与人脸识别能力之间存在因果关系。在这个DG周期中，我将继续这项工作。我的DG建议有三个具体目标：1)开发和测试更有效的方法来衡量视觉信息的使用。为了缩短测试时间，我已经开始测试一种脑电频率标记方法，它有望在几分钟内揭示人脸信息的使用情况，S(我之前使用的方法需要30分钟以上)。我将继续开发和测试这种方法以及其他方法。2)开发和测试更好的方法来诱导特定视觉信息的使用。脑电频率标记方法足够快，其信息使用信号可以提供神经反馈，以隐含地训练观察者改变他们对面部信息的使用。我将开发和测试这种诱导方法以及其他方法。3)进一步考察信息使用与人脸识别能力之间的联系。我才刚刚开始这项工作。许多问题仍然存在：例如，使用信息来检测面孔、对面孔所表达的情感进行分类，或者对面孔的种族和完成这些任务的能力进行分类之间有什么联系？我将使用这些脑电方法以及其他方法来解决这些问题和更多问题。这些进展还应该导致在发展中的遗忘学和工作需要很强的人脸处理能力的人(如警察、安全人员和海关官员)中改进人脸处理的直截了当的见解。因此，这项研究计划的结果有望从根本上促进我们对认知中的关键问题的理解，同时也对健康、福祉和国家安全产生有价值的影响。