New Directions in Photoredox Gold Catalysis and Total Synthesis

开发新的方法和策略来有效地合成分子，在医学和材料科学中具有重要的应用是至关重要的。由于大多数传统的碳-碳键化学反应的原子经济性差，即所用试剂的数量不等于所制造的所有产物的数量，过渡金属催化已成为有机化学的重要领域之一。近年来，造币金属的均相催化作用受到了科学界的广泛关注，其中以金（Au）的催化作用最为突出。本研究计划的目标是通过开发新的适用于复杂天然产物合成的Au(I)催化环化和光氧化还原转化，解决与碳-碳和碳-氮形成相关的基本挑战。Au（I/III）盐在许多其他官能团存在时对炔和烯的高亲和力，加上其稳定阳离子电荷的能力，为发现新的和有用的反应提供了巨大的机会。此外，磷二聚体金配合物具有高能量、长寿命的激发态和强还原势，可以用作光催化剂。光激发二聚体金配合物的独特性质提供了新的化学反应，这些反应是互补的，但也不同于流行的催化剂，如Ir （III）和Ru （II）基多吡啶配合物。具体来说，我们将通过Au(I)/Au（III）氧化还原循环开发新的光氧化还原转化，通过自由基级联反应和交叉偶联反应形成碳环和杂环。我们还将探索利用地球上丰富的镧系元素形成碳-碳键的光氧化还原和过渡金属催化的协同合并。利用Au(I)催化环化固有的机制差异，我们将通过外显diols - alder /Au(I)催化多环化，开发一种单一操作构建三萜支架的一般策略。这创造了一个独特的平台，有效地合成复杂的三萜，特别是醌，这是特别难以合成。为了补充这一研究计划，我们将提出一种有效的全合成银杏内酯B和C，通过精心安排转化，最大限度地减少保护基团和氧化还原流的使用。这个项目为创新、发现和战略规划提供了肥沃的土壤。总的来说，本研究项目为开发高效的合成方法和策略提供了新的平台。此外，该项目还提供了一个包容性的协作培训环境，培养批判性的科学思维，创造创新的解决方案，并为HQP提供广泛的综合专业知识和战略规划经验。

The development of new methods and strategies for the effective synthesis of molecules with important applications in medicine and materials science is of paramount importance. Since most traditional chemical reactions to build carbon-carbon bonds have a poor atomic economy, i.e. the quantity of reagents is not equal to the quantity of all products manufactured, catalysis by transition metals has become one of the essential fields in organic chemistry. In the recent years, homogenous catalysis by coinage metals has received considerable attention by the scientific community, notably catalysis by gold (Au). The goal of this research program is to address fundamental challenges associated with the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen by developing new Au(I)-catalyzed cyclization and photoredox transformations of general applicability for the synthesis of complex natural products. The high affinity of Au(I/III) salts for alkynes and allenes in the presence of many other functional groups, combined with its ability to stabilize cationic charge provide tremendous opportunities for the discovery novel and useful reactions. In addition, phosphino dimeric gold complexes can be used as photocatalyst given their high-energy and long-lived excited states and strong reduction potentials. The unique properties of the photoexcited dimeric gold complex offer new chemical reactivities that are complementary but also different from the popular catalysts such as Ir (III) and Ru (II)-based polypyridyl complexes. Specifically, we will develop new photoredox transformations via Au(I)/Au(III) redox cycle for the formation carbocycles and heterocycles through radical cascade and cross-coupling reactions. We will also explore the synergistic merger of photoredox and transition metal catalysis using earth-abundant lanthanides for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Taking advantage of the inherent mechanistic divergence of the Au(I)-catalyzed cyclization, we will develop a general strategy to construct triterpene scaffolds in a single operation through an exo-Diels-Alder/Au(I)-catalyzed polycyclization. This creates a unique platform for the efficient synthesis of complex triterpenes, notably quassines which are particularly difficult to synthesize. To complement this research program, we will propose an efficient total synthesis ginkgolides B & C through a careful orchestration of transformations minimizing the use of protecting groups and redox flow. This project provides a fertile ground for innovation, discovery and strategic planning. Overall, this research program provides a new platform for the development efficient synthetic methods and strategies for the synthesis of important molecules. Also, this program offers an inclusive collaborative training environment that fosters critical scientific thinking, creation of innovative solutions and provide broad synthetic expertise and strategic planning experiences to HQP.