Ecohydrological regulation of carbon and water interactions in natural and managed environments

我的生态水文学研究计划有两个长期目标：(1)确定多种相互作用的压力因素(例如，土地利用和气候变化，以及水资源管理的变化)如何影响自然和人类影响的生态水文学系统中的碳和水相互作用；(2)利用生态水文学基于过程的知识，提高土地和水管理的可持续性。增进我们对生物圈、水圈和大气之间的碳通量的了解，对于辨别人类对水和碳循环以及气候系统的影响至关重要。在当前和未来的气候条件下，需要这些信息来制定和评估更可持续的土壤和水管理战略。在接下来的5年里，我寻求解决以下短期目标：[A]评估水生代谢对湿地生态系统规模二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)通量的控制；[B]调查森林生态系统中碳运输、周转和命运的控制；[C)采用食物-能量-水关系的方法改善农业系统的可持续性；[D]评估深层土壤的碳通量，作为贯穿各领域的短期目标。为了实现这些目标，我们将采用几种新的方法，并改进分析工具和技术，我们预计这些工具和技术将高度可移植到本研究计划之外，并显著推进生态水文学领域。我们还将利用一个定制的数据获取“生态系统”，以实现跨不同研究的公共数据管道，这些研究构成了拟议的研究计划。除了将数据从基于现场的传感器传输到基于云的服务器之外，它还允许远程激活智能灌溉系统和智能取水器。它们可以根据需要触发和/或根据环境条件(智能灌溉系统的土壤湿度水平结合天气预报；智能水样的径流水平和水质状态)自动激活。除了针对特定领域的方法和技术进行培训外，HQP还将接受数据工作流程自动化、数据分级以及数据储存库和元数据管理方面的培训。拟议的研究计划将为至少15名HQP提供培训，从HQP招聘到培训结束时撰写的推荐信，在所有阶段都将公平、多样性和包容性放在首位。利用涡旋协方差通量塔测量二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)的碳通量，以及对湿地、森林和农业系统中水生代谢及其控制的评估，将极大地促进我们对复杂生态水文系统的理解。这项工作还将评估改善粮食-能源-水关系的可持续性和增加土壤碳汇的机会。

My research program in ecohydrology has two long-term objectives: (1) to determine how multiple, interacting stressors (e.g., land-use and climatic change, and changes in water management) affect carbon and water interactions in natural and human-impacted ecohydrological systems; and (2) to leverage process-based knowledge from ecohydrology to improve the sustainability of land and water management. Improving our understanding of carbon fluxes between the biosphere, the hydrosphere and the atmosphere is essential for discerning human impacts on water and carbon cycles, as well as the climate system. This information is needed to develop and evaluate more sustainable soil and water management strategies under current and future climatic conditions. During the upcoming 5 years, I seek to address the following short-term objectives: [A] Evaluate aquatic metabolism as a control on ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes in wetlands; [B] Investigate controls on carbon transport, turnover, and fate in forested ecosystems; [C] Improve the sustainability of agricultural systems using a food-energy-water nexus approach; [D] Evaluate carbon fluxes in deep soil as a cross-cutting short-term objective. To address these objectives, we will employ several novel methods and refine analytical tools and techniques that we anticipate to be highly transferable beyond this program of research and significantly advance the field of ecohydrology. We will also utilize a custom data acquisition "ecosystem" that enables a common data pipeline across the different studies that comprise the proposed research program. In addition to streaming data from field-based sensors to a cloud-based server, it also permits remote activation of smart irrigation systems and smart water samplers. These can be triggered on demand and/or automated for activation based on environmental conditions (soil moisture levels in combination with weather forecasts for the smart irrigation system; streamflow levels and water quality status for smart water sampling). In addition to training in domain-specific methods and techniques, HQP will also be trained in automating data workflows, data grading, and management of data repositories and metadata. The proposed research program will provide training to at least 15 HQP, with considerations of equity, diversity and inclusion paramount at all stages, from HQP recruitment through to reference letters written at the end of training. Carbon fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) measured using eddy covariance flux towers along with assessments of aquatic metabolism and their controls in wetland, forested and agricultural systems will significantly advance our understanding of complex ecohydrological systems. This work will also evaluate opportunities to improve sustainability of the food-energy-water nexus, and to increase soil carbon sequestration.