Optimal resource allocation and technology adoption in dynamic systems

动态系统中的最优资源分配和技术采用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06665
• 负责人: Cipriano, Lauren
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741362
• 关键词: Optimal; resource; allocation; technology; adoption

The goal of my research is to develop a series of frameworks for decision making in the context of dynamic systems, specifically systems driven by population trends, behavior change, or technological advancement. In this program of research, I will develop operations research models to address three challenging features of dynamic decision making: 1) value of information analysis in dynamic systems; 2) technology adoption models incorporating the expectation of technological change; and 3) multiple-decision-maker frameworks to develop an understanding of technology adoption in fragmented decision systems. The operations research models and analytical methods I will develop to investigate these management questions are readily adapted and generalized to responsive decision making across public and private sector problems. Each of these streams of research is inspired by a real-world decision problem. As a result, in addition to methodologic advancements, my work has the potential to have substantial policy impact. Value of information in dynamic systems: This stream of work is inspired by the difficult problem of when to perform epidemiologic monitoring of an infectious disease in order to proactively respond to an "outbreak". Traditional approaches to identifying optimal prevention and treatment strategies rely on deterministic models overlooking the full consequences of the stochastic process. Methodologically, this stream of work will integrate Bayesian approaches to value-of-information, infectious disease modeling using stochastic non-linear dynamic systems, and optimal control theory. Technology adoption with the expectation of technological change: I approach this problem by investigating how optimal technology-consumption decisions are influenced by the existence of reserve-use technology alternatives, the ability to influence the long-term value of a technology through managed use, and the ability to influence the rate new technologies "arrive" through research and development subsidies. This problem is encountered in many areas, including management of natural resources, information technology infrastructure, and of the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Technology adoption in fragmented decision systems: Fragmented decision making in the provision of preventive services covered by insurance may cause suboptimal investment in technologies with long-term benefit because neither decision maker bears all the long-term consequences nor obtains all the benefits of investment. Correcting for the inefficiency caused by system fragmentation may be possible with contracts between decision makers, specifically a payment from the second insurance provider to the first. In this stream of research, I extend this framework to include realistic elements that may affect the ability of contracts to overcome fragmented decision making such as differences in ability to negotiate prices with technology manufacturers and information asymmetry.

我的研究目标是在动态系统的背景下开发一系列决策框架，特别是由人口趋势、行为变化或技术进步驱动的系统。在这个研究项目中，我将开发运筹学模型来解决动态决策的三个具有挑战性的特征：1)动态系统中信息分析的价值；2)包含技术变革预期的技术采用模型；3)多决策者框架，以发展对碎片化决策系统中技术采用的理解。我将开发的运筹学模型和分析方法来研究这些管理问题，这些模型和分析方法很容易适应并推广到公共和私营部门问题的响应性决策中。这些研究流中的每一个都受到现实世界决策问题的启发。因此，除了方法上的进步，我的工作有可能产生重大的政策影响。动态系统中的信息价值：这一工作流程的灵感来自于何时对传染病进行流行病学监测，以便主动应对“疫情”这一难题。确定最佳预防和治疗策略的传统方法依赖于确定性模型，忽略了随机过程的全部后果。在方法上，这一工作流将整合贝叶斯方法的信息价值，传染病建模使用随机非线性动态系统和最优控制理论。技术采用与技术变革的预期：我通过调查最优技术消费决策如何受到储备使用技术替代方案的影响，通过管理使用影响技术长期价值的能力，以及通过研发补贴影响新技术“到达”速度的能力来解决这个问题。这一问题在许多领域都遇到，包括自然资源管理、信息技术基础设施和全球抗菌素耐药性危机。碎片化决策系统中的技术采用：在提供保险覆盖的预防性服务方面的碎片化决策可能导致对具有长期效益的技术的次优投资，因为决策者既不能承担所有的长期后果，也不能获得投资的所有收益。通过决策者之间的合同，特别是第二家保险公司向第一家保险公司付款，可以纠正由系统碎片造成的低效率。在这一研究流中，我扩展了这个框架，包括可能影响合同克服碎片化决策能力的现实因素，如与技术制造商谈判价格的能力差异和信息不对称。