Micro-particle absorption and removal for future steels

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Controlling the effects of micro-particles (inclusions) on steel properties has become critical in meeting the high-performance requirements of current advanced steel materials.The proposed research program aims to better understand the interaction between inclusions and slag to improve the removability of inclusions from liquid steel and to control the type of inclusions remaining in the product.The medium-term objective of this research is to develop a mathematical model of inclusion dissolution employing detailed representations of all critical phenomena.One project will develop comprehensive kinetic data on the dynamic changes in complex oxide inclusion size as a function of slag composition, temperature and oxygen partial pressure using confocal laser scanning microscope (CSLM) to determine the dissolution kinetics and mechanisms; another project will study the inclusions behavior at the interface between liquid steel and slag.The third project will use the data for the development of a mathematical model incorporating effects of convection and particle size to predict inclusion dissolution rates under industrial conditions.In the longer-term, the experimental and modeling techniques established in this work will be employed in understanding a broader range of inclusions-removal in the refining of steel. The proposed approach will improve our understanding of refining reactions occurring in steelmaking by (1) continuous in-situ observation as opposed to post analysis of quenched samples using dip technique; and (2) development of reliable kinetics models to optimize the process conditions for inclusion control in ladle steelmaking and casting processes.The proposed research provides an excellent level of fundamental research training incorporating a state of the art confocal laser scanning microscope for graduate students.This work will engage two Ph.D.s, one M.A.Sc and three undergraduate students.They will have the opportunity, through the McMaster Steel Research Centre, to interact with a wide range of steel companies and will have excellent employment opportunities when their studies are finished.The proposed kinetic model will assist steel producers in avoiding those problematic inclusions that lead to processing and quality problems and will assist in predicting "lowest cost" production strategies since better process control will result in efficient raw materials utilization and reduced refractory consumption. This is in Canada's economic interest, as it will contribute to the competitiveness and sustainability of Canada's steel producers, who are also key suppliers to the auto-parts industry, by providing them with cost and quality advantages to remain competitive in the high-value end of the steel market.Product quality improvements include improved formability and surface quality also benefiting Canada's auto parts industries.