Urban transportation policies, technologies, and modes: An integrated model for greenhouse gas and air quality assessment

在加拿大和世界范围内，交通运输产生了温室气体排放和空气污染物标准的很大一部分。在车辆技术和运输方式方面有许多选择，并且高度特定于地点。研究、评估和计划混合选项需要一个详细的、高度可定制的、但又准确的建模系统，该系统受益于丰富的数据。在这个研究项目中，我将构建一个模型平台来指导零排放交通的推进。该平台将用于研究当前和未来的交通政策、模式和技术。它将包括移动源真实排放数据库、区域排放清单、空气和碳污染扩散模型以及基于公开数据的校准和预测模块。短期目标包括：(i)开发更新的移动源排放因子，其中包括上游温室气体，并为研究区域定制；（ii）构建高分辨率的自下而上的区域排放清单；（iii）使用公开可用的数据来校准模型输入并增加预测能力；（iv）评估运输选择的近期变化。该方案的长期目标是：（一）为实现零排放交通选择提供快速和可行的途径，同时跟踪和控制所有其他意外后果；（二）提供必要的数据，以评估和衡量其他可持续性指标，如交通选择变化对健康和社会的影响。拟议的研究计划的长期目标为政策框架的有效性提供支持和科学证据，如泛加拿大清洁增长和气候变化框架（PCF）和为所有加拿大人实现加拿大环境空气质量标准（CAAQS）。该计划设想可持续交通是可行的，经济上可行的，社会上可接受的，公平的，可访问的，并且不会产生其他意想不到的后果。该项目的影响是指导监管机构、政策制定者和公众在控制空气污染和能源需求的同时，实现交通运输部门的零排放目标。它为政策制定者和监管者提供公开可用的数据库和建模系统。它向非营利组织伸出援手，展示最可行和可行的选择。该项目将直接培训13名hqp。区域公共当局，如大温哥华和不列颠哥伦比亚省政府将访问研究成果，并从在系统上运行场景中受益。拟议的研究计划将在以下方面取得进展：(1)提高对真实车辆排放因素的理解，(2)综合机动性评估框架，(3)使用数据分析来增加预测能力，(4)引入车辆技术和城市环境之间的多学科研究领域。

Transportation generates a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions and criteria air contaminants in Canada and worldwide. Options are numerous both in vehicle technologies and transportation modes and are highly location-specific. A detailed, highly customizable, yet accurate modelling system that benefits from abundant data is needed to study, evaluate, and plan mixed options. In this research program, I will construct a modelling platform to guide the advancement of zero-emission transportation. The platform will be utilized to study current and prospective transportation policies, modes, and technologies. It will include mobile source real-world emission databank, regional emission inventory, air and carbon pollution dispersion model, and calibration and forecasting module based on publicly available data. Short-term objectives include (i) develop updated mobile source emission factors that include upstream GHGs and are customized for the region of the study, (ii) construct a high resolution bottom-up regional emission inventory, (iii) Use publicly available data to calibrate the model inputs and add prediction capability, and (iv) evaluate the near-term change of transportation options. The long-term objective of the program is (i) to provide fast and feasible pathways towards zero-emission transportation options while keeping track and controlling all other unintended consequences, (ii) provide required data to evaluate and measure other sustainability indicators such as health and social impacts of the change of transportation options. The proposed research program's long-term objectives provide support and scientific evidence for the effectiveness of policy frameworks such as the pan-Canadian framework on clean growth and climate change (PCF) and achieving Canadian ambient air quality standards (CAAQS) for all Canadians. The program envisions sustainable transportation that is viable, economically feasible, socially acceptable, equitable, accessible and creates no other unintended consequences. The program's impact is to guide regulators, policymakers, and the public on achieving zero-emission targets in the transportation sector while air pollution and energy demand remain in check. It provides publicly available databank and modelling systems to policymakers and regulators. It outreaches to non-for-profits and showcases the most feasible and viable options. The program will train 13 HQPs directly. Regional public authorities such as Metro Vancouver and the British Columbia government will access the research outcome and benefit from running scenarios on the system. The proposed research program will lead to advances in t (1) improved understanding of real vehicle emission factors, (2) comprehensive mobility evaluation framework, (3) use of data analytics to add predictive capabilities and, (4) introduction of a multidisciplinary research field that is a cross between vehicle technology and urban environment.