Unravelling the cellular mechanisms underpinning within- and trans-generational physiological and life history responses of marine invertebrates exposed to multiple global change drivers using a multi-layer approach

政府间气候变化专门委员会认为，我们的气候正在急剧变化这一结论是无可争辩的。然而，对多种快速环境变化对生物体的影响的概括仍然相当困难。海洋变暖（OW），脱氧（缺氧）和酸化（OA）是对海洋生物的主要威胁，造成能量和稳态挑战，可能导致死亡率增加和繁殖力降低。此外，由于不同气候区的物种对OW具有不同的耐受性和可塑性，因此种群和物种对沿着环境梯度的多重全球变化的反应也可能不同。然而，它们将如何变化是一个重要的知识差距。在这一背景下，为了支持负责保护生物多样性和适应性管理自然资源的决策者，我们必须对以下方面有一个坚定的理解：（i）细胞和整个生物体的生理反应，通过这些反应，不同物种将能够科普多种环境变化，（ii）生活在沿着环境梯度的种群和物种通过跨代表型可塑性缓冲全球变化潜在负面影响的能力，以及（iii）种群和物种迅速适应未来海洋条件的能力。不幸的是，迄今为止，大多数关于海洋后生动物全球变化生物学的研究都集中在单一种群的单一生命阶段，单一物种的短期反应，往往是单一的压力。在过去的六年里，我制定了一项创新的研究计划，调查海洋后生动物TGP和快速适应全球变化的驱动因素。我还证明了在确定人口对正在进行的单一全球变化驱动因素的生理敏感性时考虑地方和区域适应的重要性，并阐明了影响的生理途径。我现在处于独特的地位，提出一个变革性的，综合性的和多学科的研究计划，旨在创造全球变化生物学，宏观生理学和生态生理学的研究领域之间的合成。我建议首次在海洋动物中采用多组学/多层方法来揭示支持生物体适应性反应的复杂代谢途径网络的功能，可塑性和快速适应能力。使用这个框架上的多个种群生活沿着环境梯度在哲水蚤桡足类，这是必不可少的关键物种海洋食物网连接初级生产者的鱼类和顶级捕食者，我将测试的假设>。

The conclusion that our climate is drastically changing is considered indisputable by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. However, generalisations on the impact of multiple rapid environmental changes on living organisms are still rather difficult. Ocean warming (OW), deoxygenation (hypoxia) and acidification (OA) represent major threats to marine organisms, causing energetic and homeostatic challenges that can lead to increased mortality and reduced fecundity. In addition, as species from different climatic regions possess different levels of tolerance and plasticity to OW, populations' and species' responses to multiple global changes along environmental gradients are expected to vary too. However, how they will vary represents an important knowledge gap. Within this context, to support decision makers responsible for the conservation of biodiversity and the adaptive-management of natural resources, it is imperative we acquire a firm understanding of the: (i) cellular and whole organisms physiological responses through which different species will be able to cope with multiple environmental changes, (ii) the ability of populations and species living along environmental gradients to buffer potential negative effects of global changes through transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TGP), and (iii) populations' and species' ability for rapid adaptation to future ocean conditions. Unfortunately, the majority of studies to date on global change biology of marine metazoans have focused on single life stages of single populations of single species' short-term responses, often to single stressors. With this said, in the past six years, I have developed an innovative research programme investigating marine metazoans TGP and rapid adaptation to global change drivers. I also demonstrated the importance of considering local and regional adaptation in defining populations' physiological sensitivity to ongoing single global change drivers and shed light on physiological pathways of impact. I am now in the unique position to propose a transformative, integrative and multidisciplinary research programme aiming at creating a synthesis among the research fields of Global Change Biology, Macrophysiology and Ecophysiology. I propose to employ for the first time in marine animals a multi-omics/multi-layer approach to unravel the functioning, plasticity and ability for rapid adaptation of the complex network of metabolic pathways underpinning organisms' fitness responses. Using this framework on multiple populations living along environmental gradients in calanoidea copepods, which are essential keystone species to marine food webs linking primary producers to fish and top predators, I will test the hypothesis that >.