Unravelling the cellular mechanisms underpinning within- and trans-generational physiological and life history responses of marine invertebrates exposed to multiple global change drivers using a multi-layer approach

政府间气候变化专门委员会认为，我们的气候正在急剧变化的结论是无可争辩的。然而，对多种快速环境变化对生物体的影响进行概括仍然相当困难。海洋变暖(OW)、除氧(缺氧)和酸化(OA)是对海洋生物的主要威胁，造成能量和动态平衡挑战，可能导致死亡率增加和繁殖力下降。此外，由于来自不同气候区域的物种对水分具有不同的耐受性和可塑性，种群和物种对环境梯度上的多种全球变化的反应预计也会有所不同。然而，它们将如何变化代表着一个重要的知识鸿沟。在这一背景下，为了支持负责保护生物多样性和自然资源适应性管理的决策者，我们必须坚定地了解：(1)不同物种将能够应对多种环境变化的细胞和整个生物体的生理反应；(2)生活在环境梯度上的种群和物种通过跨代表型可塑性缓冲全球变化潜在负面影响的能力；以及(3)种群和物种快速适应未来海洋条件的能力。不幸的是，到目前为止，大多数关于海洋后生动物全球变化生物学的研究都集中在单一物种的单一种群的单一生命阶段，通常是对单一应激源的短期反应。尽管如此，在过去的六年里，我制定了一个创新的研究计划，调查海洋后生动物TGP和快速适应全球变化的驱动因素。我还展示了考虑局部和区域适应的重要性，以确定人口对正在进行的单一全球变化驱动因素的生理敏感性，并阐明了影响的生理途径。我现在能够提出一个变革性的、综合性的、多学科的研究方案，旨在综合全球变化生物学、宏观生理学和生态生理学的研究领域。我建议首次在海洋动物中采用多组学/多层方法来揭示支撑生物适应性反应的复杂代谢途径网络的功能、可塑性和快速适应能力。利用这个框架，我将利用这个框架对沿环境梯度生活的多个种群进行研究，该物种是将初级生产者与鱼类和顶级捕食者联系起来的海洋食物网的关键物种。

The conclusion that our climate is drastically changing is considered indisputable by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. However, generalisations on the impact of multiple rapid environmental changes on living organisms are still rather difficult. Ocean warming (OW), deoxygenation (hypoxia) and acidification (OA) represent major threats to marine organisms, causing energetic and homeostatic challenges that can lead to increased mortality and reduced fecundity. In addition, as species from different climatic regions possess different levels of tolerance and plasticity to OW, populations' and species' responses to multiple global changes along environmental gradients are expected to vary too. However, how they will vary represents an important knowledge gap. Within this context, to support decision makers responsible for the conservation of biodiversity and the adaptive-management of natural resources, it is imperative we acquire a firm understanding of the: (i) cellular and whole organisms physiological responses through which different species will be able to cope with multiple environmental changes, (ii) the ability of populations and species living along environmental gradients to buffer potential negative effects of global changes through transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TGP), and (iii) populations' and species' ability for rapid adaptation to future ocean conditions. Unfortunately, the majority of studies to date on global change biology of marine metazoans have focused on single life stages of single populations of single species' short-term responses, often to single stressors. With this said, in the past six years, I have developed an innovative research programme investigating marine metazoans TGP and rapid adaptation to global change drivers. I also demonstrated the importance of considering local and regional adaptation in defining populations' physiological sensitivity to ongoing single global change drivers and shed light on physiological pathways of impact. I am now in the unique position to propose a transformative, integrative and multidisciplinary research programme aiming at creating a synthesis among the research fields of Global Change Biology, Macrophysiology and Ecophysiology. I propose to employ for the first time in marine animals a multi-omics/multi-layer approach to unravel the functioning, plasticity and ability for rapid adaptation of the complex network of metabolic pathways underpinning organisms' fitness responses. Using this framework on multiple populations living along environmental gradients in calanoidea copepods, which are essential keystone species to marine food webs linking primary producers to fish and top predators, I will test the hypothesis that >.