Perovskite single-crystals for 30% concentrator photovoltaics

利用太阳能等绿色和可再生能源在减缓气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。传统（或平板）光伏目前主导着太阳能市场，尽管其他类型的聚光光伏（CPVs）由于聚光效应提供更高的功率转换效率。商业化cpv的关键问题是其中使用的三/四结III-V型太阳能电池的高成本。此外，多结电池被设计成在理想的阳光条件下在每个子电池内产生匹配的电流。然而，在非单一太阳（例如，加拿大大部分地区）或污染条件（例如，城市）中发生的漫射光具有光谱变化，导致单个电池之间显着的电流不匹配和功率输出急剧下降。本项目旨在通过开发基于钙钛矿单晶的单结CPV来改造CPV技术。钙钛矿单晶现在可以低到1美元/立方厘米，部分原因是我们在钙钛矿结晶方面的工作，比传统cpv中使用的III-V晶体便宜几个数量级。尽管在“理想”条件下的输出较低，但单结电池不受天气波动的影响，最终导致了更高的累计功率输出。

Capturing green and renewable energy, such as solar energy by photovoltaics, plays a significant role in mitigating climate change. Conventional (or flat-plate) photovoltaics currently dominate the solar market, even though the other type of - concentration photovoltaics (CPVs) offer higher power conversion efficiencies due to concentration effect. The key issue with the commercialized CPVs is the high cost of the triple/quadruple junction III-V solar cells used in them. In addition, multi-junction cells are designed to produce matching electrical currents within each subcell at an ideal 1 sun condition. However, diffuse light, which occurs in non-1-sun (e.g., most of Canada) or polluted conditions (e.g., cities), has spectral variations leading to significant current mismatches between individual cells and a sharp decrease in power output. This project aims to transform the CPV technology by developing single-junction CPVs based on perovskite single crystals. Perovskite single crystals can now be grown as cheap as ~$1/cm3 - in part due to our works on perovskite crystallization5 - orders of magnitude cheaper than III-V crystals used in conventional CPVs. Despite having a lower output in 'ideal' conditions, single-junction cells' independence from weather fluctuations eventually leads to higher accumulated power output.