Large-area perovskite solar cell surpassing 25% efficiency

气候变化的影响使加拿大环境变暖的速度是全球平均速度的两倍。加拿大现在比以往任何时候都更酸性，含氧量更少。更加频繁和极端的天气状况每年已经影响到超过10万加拿大人。气候变化危及数百万加拿大人的健康、安全和子孙后代的经济福祉。因此，加拿大承诺通过减少温室气体排放，将全球变暖控制在工业化前水平的2摄氏度以下。清洁和可再生能源解决方案是其气候计划的首要任务。这项研究的目标是通过开发低成本和高效的大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池，直接为这一承诺做出贡献。将大规模电池的效率提高到25%以上，将扰乱太阳能技术的能源经济性。在小规模实现了这一目标后，我们将通过对这些材料如何再结晶的机理的彻底了解，将其转化为大规模。这些知识使我们能够在不损失性能的情况下执行有针对性的成分、溶剂和电子工程，以扩大设备尺寸。本文提出的解决方案将直接帮助加拿大实现其气候行动目标，并为加拿大企业在竞争激烈、不断扩大和利润丰厚的1500亿美元/年的光伏市场提供直接的技术优势。

The effects of climate change have warmed Canada's environment twice as fast as the global average. Canada'soceans are now more acidic - and less oxygenated - than ever. More frequent and extreme weather conditionsare already affecting over 100,000 Canadians every year. Climate change endangers the health, safety andeconomic well-being of millions of Canadians for generations to come. Therefore, Canada has committed tokeeping the warming below 2 degrees Celsius of pre-industrial levels through the reduction of its greenhouseemissions. Clean and renewable energy solutions are top priorities in its climate plan.The goal of this research is to directly contribute to this commitment through the development of low-cost andefficient large-area perovskite solar cells. Increasing the efficiency to over >25% on large scale cells willdisrupt energy economics of solar technology. Having achieved this goal on the small scale we will transformthis into the large scale through our thorough understanding of mechanism of how these materials arecrystallized. This knowledge allows us to perform a targeted compositional, solvent, and electronic engineeringto scale up the device dimension with no loss of performance.The solutions proposed herein will directly help Canada to reach its climate action goals and also provideCanadian businesses with a direct technological advantage in the highly competitive, expanding and lucrative$150 billion/year photovoltaic market.