Storey-Based Stability Design for Structural Steel Frameworks Accounting for Variability of Building Fires

考虑建筑火灾变化性的钢结构框架层稳定性设计

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-03818
• 负责人: XU, Lei
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=748834
• 关键词: Storey; Based; Stability; Design; Structural

Fires in buildings can be catastrophic. Tragic events such as the recent Grenfell Tower fire in London and the collapse of the World Trade Center remind the public and reinforce the catastrophic consequences of the fires. The proposed research addresses structural fire safety, which is a key consideration in the design of buildings. The current practice to ensure structural fire safety for steel structures primarily relies on the prescriptive approach in which fire protection materials are applied on surfaces of steel elements to protect structural integrity and achieve a specified fire duration in a prescriptive way. Historically, the prescriptive approach is developed based on the experience and fire tests on individual structural elements, which does not mimic the performance of a structure in building fires. However, greater understanding of structural behaviour under the fire condition and an enormous increase in computing capacity have been achieved in recent years. As a result, a performance-based design (PBD) approach, which entails for structural fire safety to be demonstrated with engineering design approaches similar to the design of a structure to resist wind or earthquake loads, has emerged with an aim of evaluating the fire performance of entire building structures. Different from that of wind and earthquake loads, the uncertain nature of fire loading, in terms of its location, magnitude and distribution, needs to be considered in the PBD structural fire design. Unfortunately, current design methods are incapable of addressing the issue. The objective of this research is to develop an advanced PBD approach for stability analysis and design of steel framed buildings accounting for variabilities/uncertainties of building fire loads. Research in this area is severely lacking. The importance of the research is to enhance the fire safety performance of the buildings, including improved protection against catastrophic collapse to safeguard the safety of the public as well as that of rescue workers and firefighters in the event of building fire. Canadians and people elsewhere in the world will benefit from having significantly safer steel building environments in which to live and work. The novelty of the research is that the approach will be able to provide crucial information, concerning not only the stability and integrity of structural steel buildings in building fires, but also the uncertainties and risks associated with fire loading in building fires that are not available either in building codes or through conventional analysis and design methodology. This research will not only advance knowledge in this field, but will also train HQP in the emerging field of structural fire engineering. There is an urgent need for engineers in this discipline as there are very few engineers in Canada and worldwide with the sufficient skills.

建筑物中的火灾可能是灾难性的。最近发生的伦敦格伦费尔大厦火灾和世贸中心倒塌等悲惨事件提醒公众，并强化了火灾的灾难性后果。拟议的研究涉及结构消防安全，这是建筑设计中的一个关键考虑因素。目前确保钢结构结构火灾安全的做法主要依赖于规定的方法，即在钢结构构件的表面涂抹防火材料，以保护结构的完整性，并以规定的方式达到指定的火灾持续时间。从历史上看，规范方法是基于对单个结构构件的经验和火灾试验而开发的，它不能模拟结构在建筑火灾中的性能。然而，近年来，人们对结构在火灾条件下的行为有了更多的了解，计算能力也有了很大的提高。因此，一种基于性能的设计方法(PBD)应运而生，其目的是评估整个建筑结构的耐火性能。PBD方法要求用类似于结构抗风或地震荷载设计的工程设计方法来验证结构的火灾安全性。与风荷载和地震荷载不同，在PBD结构火灾设计中，需要考虑火灾荷载在位置、大小和分布上的不确定性。不幸的是，目前的设计方法不能解决这个问题。本研究的目的是开发一种考虑建筑火灾荷载变化/不确定性的钢框架建筑稳定性分析和设计的高级PBD方法。这方面的研究严重缺乏。研究的重点是加强建筑物的消防安全性能，包括改善对灾难性倒塌的保护，以保障公众以及救援人员和消防员在建筑物发生火灾时的安全。加拿大人和世界其他地方的人们将受益于有更安全的钢结构建筑环境来生活和工作。这项研究的创新之处在于，该方法将能够提供关键信息，不仅涉及建筑火灾中钢结构建筑的稳定性和完整性，还涉及建筑规范或传统分析和设计方法中无法获得的建筑火灾中与火灾荷载相关的不确定性和风险。这项研究不仅将增进这一领域的知识，还将培养结构消防工程这一新兴领域的HQP。由于加拿大和世界范围内几乎没有具备足够技能的工程师，因此迫切需要这一学科的工程师。