Climate Dynamics

CRC研究计划的长期目标是基于Beltrami的主要研究领域，即低层大气与地壳前几百米之间的热量和质量转移制度的总体特征。该计划围绕四个轴（1）地球能量不平衡（EEI）：地球的温度。(2)古气候模拟（3）冻土的演变（4）从空间看陆地。了解地球气候未来将如何变化以及地球气候对大气中温室气体浓度增加的敏感程度的基本量是地球能量含量及其时间演变的变化。也就是说，地球由于大气温室气体增加而保留的多余能量。EEI的不确定性是阻碍正确评估未来气候变化的最紧迫问题之一。气候系统中多余的能量储存在海洋（90%）、陆地（5%）、冰冻圈（3%）和大气（2%）中。这将有助于陆地变化热量分量的估算。土地热量影响地面以上的温度，沿着土壤湿度，成为极端温度事件的触发因素，从而影响森林火灾的强度。此外，世界土壤上层几米的碳含量约为大气的三倍。45%的土壤碳被限制在永久冻土区。大陆热量的增加增加了土壤和永久冻土结合碳的不稳定性，导致大气中温室气体的增加（即，积极的反馈）。为了监测EEI的陆地热量成分，我们将收集世界各地的地下温度剖面。更大的数据空间覆盖范围将有助于减少陆地热量的不确定性。测量地球的温度还将提供一个更可靠的非代用资料，即过去500年来地面温度的记录。此外，我们将利用卫星数据来估计陆地热通量。来自地面和地下的数据将被输入陆地表面和区域气候模型，以研究具有潜在全球气候反馈的近地面现象。每个轴的结果将为与地球能量库存、空气-地面建模、永久冻土稳定性以及陆地温度和表面能量平衡有关的问题带来新的知识。研究结果将有助于评估全球气候模型的未来预测。

The long-term objective of the CRC research program is based on Beltrami's main area of research which is the overall characterization of the heat and mass transfer regime between the lower atmosphere and the first few hundred meters of the Earth's crust. The proposed program is articulated around four axes (1) Earth Energy Imbalance (EEI): The Temperature of the Earth. (2) Paleoclimate Modelling (3) Evolution of Permafrost (4) Land from Space. The fundamental quantity for understanding how our planet's climate will change in the future and how sensitive Earth's climate is to increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHG), is the change in Earth's energy content and its temporal evolution. That is, the excess energy which the Earth retains because of the increased atmospheric GHGs. Uncertainty in the EEI is one of the most urgent issues hindering the proper evaluation of future climate change. Excess energy in the climate system is stored in the Oceans (90%), Land (5%), Cryosphere (3%), and Atmosphere (2%). We will contribute to the estimate of the land changing heat component. Land heat affects the temperature above the ground and, along with soil moisture, acts as a trigger for extreme temperature events, which influence the intensity of forest fires. In addition, the upper few meters of the world's soil contain about three times as much carbon as the atmosphere. Forty five percent of soil carbon is confined to permafrost regions. Increases in continental heat raise the potential of destabilizing soil and permafrost bounded carbon, leading to an addition of GHGs to the atmosphere (i.e., a positive feedback). To monitor the land heat component of EEI, we will be collecting subsurface temperature profiles around the world. Larger data spatial coverage will help to reduce land heat uncertainties. Measuring the temperature of the Earth will also provide for a more robust non-proxy, record of past ground surface temperature for the last 500 years. In addition, we will use satellite data to estimate land heat fluxes. Data, from above and below, will be put into land surface and regional climate models to study phenomena near the ground with potential global climate feedback. Outcomes from each axis will bring new knowledge to issues related to Earth's energy inventory, air-ground modeling, permafrost stability, and land temperature and surface energy balance. Results will contribute to assessing Global Climate Models' future projections.