Riverscape scale analysis of fish/habitat relationships

鱼类/栖息地关系的河流景观尺度分析

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06911
• 负责人: Bergeron, Normand
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Institut national de la recherche scientifique
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=751349
• 关键词: Riverscape; scale; analysis; fish; habitat

To successfully complete their life-cycle, fish need to access different habitats whose characteristics fulfill the requirements associated to specific life functions or life stages. The term riverscape describes the mosaic of physical habitats comprised within a river system. As such, the riverscape constitutes the physical template available for fish to realize their life-cycle. My long-term research program is structured around the hypothesis that the nature and spatial structure of habitats found within riverscapes play a fundamental role on the dynamics of stream fish populations. In a recent study conducted in my laboratory, telemetry tracking of adult Atlantic salmon in the Sainte-Marguerite river (Québec) using temperature sensing acoustic tags revealed the crucial role of deep pool-bottom thermal refuges for the thermoregulation of adult salmon during warm water episodes (Frechette et al, submitted). Despite these observations, several important questions remain to be elucidated concerning the dynamics of pool-bottom thermal refuges (How common are they? What are the processes responsible for their presence and dynamics? Is it possible to predict their occurrence from pool characteristics?) and their biological significance for salmon (How widespread is this thermoregulation behaviour? Is the water temperature triggering thermoregulation behavior constant across rivers or is local adaptation to warm temperatures observed? What is the role of pool thermal refuge location on the movement patterns of adult salmon in rivers?).Taking Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as an ecological model, the general scientific approach of the proposed research is mainly based on the quantitative analysis of empirical field data. In the first project, detailed field measurements of river pool physical characteristics will be conducted in pools of various river systems to decipher the processes leading to thermal refuge presence and develop predictive models of pool-bottom thermal refuge formation, persistence and dismantling. In the second project, snorkeling counts and acoustic telemetry tracking of adult Atlantic salmon with temperature sensing tags and dense arrays of hydrophones will be used to 1) monitor large-scale movement of fish in relation to pool-bottom thermal refuge locations and river temperature, and 2) document the fine-scale spatial and temporal use of refuges. In the currently observed context of climate change, understanding the dynamics and role of pool-bottom thermal refuges appears critical to the management of salmon population. The proposed research will provide stream ecologist and stream managers with highly novel tools and information concerning the dynamics of riverine ecosystems that will help assess, predict and mitigate the impact of anthropogenic disturbances and climate change on river ecosystems.

为了成功地完成其生命周期，鱼类需要进入不同的栖息地，其特征满足与特定生命功能或生命阶段相关的要求。河景一词描述了河流系统中包含的物理栖息地的马赛克。因此，河景构成了鱼类实现生命周期的物理模板。我的长期研究计划是围绕这样一个假设，即在河流景观中发现的栖息地的性质和空间结构对溪流鱼类种群的动态起着根本性的作用。在我的实验室最近进行的一项研究中，遥测跟踪成年大西洋鲑鱼在圣特-玛格丽特河（魁北克省）使用温度传感声学标签揭示了关键作用的深池底部热避难所的成年鲑鱼在温水事件（弗雷谢特等人，提交）。尽管有这些观察结果，仍有几个重要的问题有待阐明有关动态的池底热避难所（他们有多常见？它们的存在和动态是由什么过程造成的？是否有可能从游泳池的特征中预测其发生？）以及它们对鲑鱼的生物学意义（这种体温调节行为有多普遍？是水温触发体温调节行为恒定跨越河流或当地适应温暖的温度观察？池热避难所位置对成年鲑鱼在河流中的运动模式有什么作用？）。以大西洋鲑鱼（萨尔莫salar）作为生态模型，建议的研究的一般科学方法主要是基于实证现场数据的定量分析。在第一个项目中，将在各种河流系统的水池中对河流水池物理特性进行详细的实地测量，以破译导致热避难所存在的过程，并开发池底热避难所形成、持续和拆除的预测模型。在第二个项目中，浮潜计数和声学遥测跟踪成年大西洋鲑鱼与温度传感标签和密集阵列的水听器将用于1）监测大规模的运动的鱼与游泳池底部的热避难所的位置和河流温度，和2）文件的精细规模的空间和时间使用的避难所。在目前观察到的气候变化的背景下，了解池底热避难所的动态和作用似乎至关重要的鲑鱼种群的管理。拟议的研究将为河流生态学家和河流管理者提供关于河流生态系统动态的非常新颖的工具和信息，这将有助于评估，预测和减轻人为干扰和气候变化对河流生态系统的影响。