Linking large-scale and local near-ground wind events and their engineering impact

将大规模和局部近地风事件及其工程影响联系起来

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06251
• 负责人: Savory, Eric
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=759873
• 关键词: Linking; large; scale; local; near

Society is aware of the ever-increasing advances in sensor technology and in computing power to handle “big data” and so there is an expectation that these will be put to use in providing greater protection through predictive networks, especially in the face of the increase in the frequency of extreme weather events associated with climate change which also increases the risk to both human life and infrastructure. In order to transform such networks, so they can directly relate the physics of person-scale local winds to the weather events that produce them, there is an urgent need to be able to couple regional-scale sensor and numerical model data with predictions of very local meteorological conditions relevant to specific infrastructure and human populations, such as extreme wind loads on transmission lines and buildings due to downbursts and tornadoes or adverse conditions in urban street canyons that result in increased pollutant levels.The proposed research is critical as it seeks to identify the underlying physical mechanisms and quantify these connections between large-scale meteorology and local events, in the form of (i) downburst-producing thunderstorms, (ii) tornado evolution in supercells and (iii) building roof and canyon level wind fields beneath urban boundary layers with their impacts on the performance of roof-mounted solar panels and on the ventilation of the urban canopy, that is the “breathability” of cities. This impact will be achieved through the applicant's expertise in wind engineering and fluid mechanics, supported by international collaboration featuring the expertise of a severe storms meteorologist and an expert in urban wind flows. The research will encompass; world-leading, large-scale, super-computer simulations of complete downburst-producing storms and tornado-producing supercells supported by laboratory scale experiments of downburst flows (with application to the wind forces acting on electricity transmission line systems), wind tunnel studies of wind flow over simulated urban terrain and of wind effects on solar panels. The outcomes will be engineering design guidelines and correlations for such wind effects, together with models that define the relationship between these local-scale winds and regional-scale wind systems.The impact of the proposed research in Canada will be especially strong because the most populous southern regions are also the most susceptible to extreme storm events, notably the tornado risk to southern Ontario where a large part of Canadian industry and infrastructure is located. Canada's most populous cities, where air quality is of greatest concern, are also located in the south as is the growing solar energy industry, including roof-mounted systems, which are contributing to the decrease in our reliance on fossil fuels.

社会意识到传感器技术和处理“大数据”的计算能力不断进步，因此预计这些技术将用于通过预测网络提供更大的保护，特别是面对与气候变化相关的极端天气事件频率的增加，这也增加了人类生命和基础设施的风险。为了改造此类网络，以便它们能够直接将人体尺度的当地风的物理特性与产生它们的天气事件联系起来，迫切需要能够将区域尺度的传感器和数值模型数据与与特定基础设施和人口相关的非常当地的气象条件的预测结合起来，例如由于下击暴流和龙卷风或城市街道峡谷中的不利条件而导致的输电线路和建筑物上的极端风荷载 拟议的研究至关重要，因为它试图确定潜在的物理机制并量化大规模气象与当地事件之间的联系，这些联系的形式包括（i）下击暴流产生的雷暴，（ii）超级单体中的龙卷风演化，以及（iii）城市边界层下的建筑屋顶和峡谷级风场及其对屋顶安装太阳能电池板性能的影响 而城市冠层的通风，就是城市的“透气性”。这种影响将通过申请人在风工程和流体力学方面的专业知识来实现​​，并得到以强风暴气象学家和城市风流专家的专业知识为特色的国际合作的支持。该研究将包括；世界领先的大规模超级计算机模拟完整的下击暴流风暴和龙卷风超级电池，并得到实验室规模的下击暴流实验（应用于作用于输电线路系统的风力）、模拟城市地形风流和风对太阳能电池板影响的风洞研究的支持。其结果将是此类风效应的工程设计指南和相关性，以及定义这些局部规模风和区域规模风系统之间关系的模型。拟议研究对加拿大的影响将特别强烈，因为人口最多的南部地区也最容易受到极端风暴事件的影响，特别是加拿大大部分工业和基础设施所在地安大略省南部的龙卷风风险。空气质量最受关注的加拿大人口最多的城市也位于南部，太阳能产业也在不断发展，包括屋顶安装系统，这有助于减少我们对化石燃料的依赖。