Emotion System Dynamics: Regulation and Concordance across Time Scales

随着时间的推移，情绪的过程及其调控处于认知、社会互动、行为、遗传学和神经科学等前沿模型的前沿。主流理论强调情绪系统的生理、行为和认知成分自下而上组装的可变性，但实证研究忽略了(a)调节这些情绪成分之间动态一致性的过程，以及(b)这些过程在不同时间尺度（例如，时刻到时刻，每天）之间的关系。因此，我的研究项目的主要长期目标是将情绪调节过程整合到我们对情绪过程的理解中，因为情绪过程是在时间和时间尺度上展开的。十年来，实验室的进展一直在加速。我们已经准备好着手我们最雄心勃勃的项目，将所有元素结合在一起。我们将使用与手机应用程序同步的移动生理传感技术，每天多次捕捉参与者的情绪过程及其调节，持续两周。此外，我们将实施季节性突发设计，在一年的时间里，每个季节重复这个为期两周的方案，以捕捉多个时间尺度上的变化和稳定性。第二项针对青少年及其父母的研究将重复同样的设计，但增加了生理唤醒、认知评估、表达行为和情绪唤起任务中的调节努力的实时测量。因此，这项研究将能够对秒、分、日和季节的动态过程进行纵向比较。这些创新研究将解决理论解释与支持这些结论的数据稀缺之间的关键差距。最终，我们将建立一个稳定和情感过程变化动态的系统模型，为基础研究、发展科学和更广泛的人类行为理论提供信息。未来5年将支持对早期职业研究人员（博士后、研究生和本科生）进行最尖端技术和机会的顶级培训，以实现他们的最高抱负。该研究计划为那些来自代表性不足的群体的人提供尽可能多的机会，以确保多样性和包容性的优势。在《自然》（Nature）杂志上，64位顶尖科学家最近宣布，我们已经进入了“情感主义”时代（Dukes et al., 2021），这令人信服地证明，情感和与情感相关的过程现在在广泛的学科领域主导着研究资金和产出。拟议的研究为支持这些努力提供了急需的知识，同时也为加拿大利益相关者（如父母、教育工作者）的更广泛社区提供了信息，并支持多样化的下一代研究人员做好充分准备，以迎接未来的挑战。

Processes of emotions and their regulation as they unfold over time is at the frontier of cutting-edge models of cognition, social interactions, behaviour, genetics, and neuroscience. Dominant theory emphasizes the variability in the bottom-up assembly of physiological, behavioural, and cognitive components of the emotion systems, but empirical study has neglected (a) the processes that regulate the dynamic coherence among these emotion components and (b) the relations among these processes across different scales of time (e.g., moment-to-moment, day-to-day). Thus, the primary long-term objectives of my research program are to integrate emotion regulation processes into our understanding of emotion processes as they unfold in time and across time scales. Progress in the lab has been ramping up for a decade. We are ready to embark on our most ambitious project that brings all of the elements together. We will use mobile physiological sensing technology synchronized with a mobile phone app that captures participants' emotion processes and their regulation several times a day for two weeks. Further, we will implement a seasonal burst design, repeating this two-week protocol once a season for a year to capture change and stability across multiple time scales. A second study of adolescents and their parents will repeat this same design but add real-time measurement of physiological arousal, cognitive appraisals, expressive behaviour, and regulatory efforts during emotionally evocative tasks. This study will thus enable a vertical comparison of dynamic process on the order of seconds, minutes, days, and seasons. These innovative studies will address key gaps between theoretical interpretations and the scarcity of data that would support such conclusions. Ultimately, we will build a systems model of stability and change dynamics in emotion processes to inform basic research, developmental science, and broader theories of human behaviour. These next 5 years will support top-level training for early career researchers (post-doctoral, and graduate and undergraduate students) in the most cutting-edge techniques and opportunities to advance toward their highest aspirations. The research program provides as many opportunities as possible for those from underrepresented groups to esnure the advantages of diversity and inclusion. In the journal Nature, 64 leading scientists recently declared that we have entered the era of "affectism" (Dukes et al., 2021), persuasively demonstrating that emotions and emotion-related processes now dominate research funding and output, across a wide range of disciplines. The proposed research provides much needed knowledge to support these endeavors, while also informing a broader community of Canadian stakeholders (e.g., parents, educators) and supporting a diverse next generation of researchers to be fully prepared to meet the challenges of the future.