The dynamics of emotional discordance: Psychophysiology, observed affect, and self-reported experience

情绪理论认为，连贯的情绪反应的标志是生理、经验和行为领域的协调或相互放大。相比之下，情绪调节模型强调情绪过程在服务于目标时的适应性调节。例如，降低负面情绪的努力侧重于有选择地控制生理(例如，深呼吸)或经验(例如，重新评估情绪意义)或行为(例如，抑制表情)表现，以实现较不痛苦的情绪状态。因此，情绪理论所期望的一致性(得到的经验支持有限)被内质网的控制过程所破坏。 建议主题集的主要目的是通过不和谐的检查来更好地理解情绪和ER。通过在创新的多方法设计中操纵社会和非社会情绪诱导技术，我们将检查生理、经验和行为领域的情绪反应和恢复的同步概况。短期目标是进行研究，以了解不和谐的本质，并开发情绪系统的理论模型。这些项目旨在回答几个问题：不和谐与特定的ER战略之间有什么联系，并由性别主持？社会背景的变化如何影响不和谐？个体内部的不和谐是否会随着离散情绪状态的变化而改变？不和谐的衡量标准有多稳定？从童年到成年，不和谐会增加吗？ 资金将支持学生培训(至少5个理科学士、2个硕士和3个博士)，用先进的技术进行高水平的研究。通过功能整合情绪模型和基于内质网的模型来发现情绪和内质网的动态过程，结果将对情绪过程的理解产生重大影响。最终，我们将利用这些知识来开发一个有经验支持的情绪系统理论模型。

Emotion theories assert that the hallmark of a coherent emotional response is the concordance or mutual amplification across the physiological, experiential, and behavioural domains. In contrast, models of emotion regulation (ER) emphasize the adaptive modulation of emotion processes in service of goals. Efforts to down regulate negative emotions, for example, focus on selectively controlling physiological (e.g., deep breathing) or experiential (e.g., re-evaluating emotional significance) or behavioural (e.g., suppressing expressions) manifestations in order to realize a less distressed emotional state. Thus, the concordance expected by emotion theory (which has received limited empirical support) is disrupted by the control processes of ER. The primary objective of the proposed set of topics is to better understand emotion and ER through the examination of discordance. Through the manipulation of social and non-social emotion induction techniques within innovative multi-method designs, we will examine synchronized profiles of emotional reactivity and recovery across the physiological, experiential, and behavioural domains. The short-term objectives are to conduct studies to understand the nature of discordance and develop a theoretical model of the emotion system. These projects are designed to answer several questions: What are associations between discordance and specific ER strategies, moderated by gender? How do variations in the social context influence discordance? Does within-individual discordance change as a function of discrete emotional states? How stable are measures of discordance? Does discordance increase from childhood through adulthood? Funds will support student training (minimum of 5 BSc, 2 MSc, and 3 PhD) with sophisticated technology to perform high-level research. Results will have a significant impact on the understanding of emotional processes by functionally integrating emotion- and ER-based models to make discoveries about the dynamic processes of emotion and ER. Ultimately, we will use this knowledge to develop an empirically-supported theoretical model of the emotion system.