Emotion System Regulation: Concordance, Dynamics, and Time Scales

情绪调节（Emotion Regulation，ER）是指影响情绪过程质量变化的机制。ER的个体差异是内部和人际心理社会功能的核心。因此，了解ER，ER的个体差异，ER如何发展，以及ER如何在日常生活中发挥作用至关重要。我的研究计划的长期目标是通过理论和方法提供从童年到成年的ER过程的更深入的理解。未来5年的短期目标是更好地理解ER作为一个个体内和个体间的过程，使用3种方法，持有该领域最有希望：（1）情绪系统一致性-生理唤醒，认知评价和情绪行为表达之间的相互放大。(2)情感动态--情感状态的上升和下降或切换（即，情绪灵活性）。(3)时间尺度-情绪动态发生的每时每刻，每天和每年。本研究以5个主要研究问题为指导：什么是ER？动态的生理、认知和行为过程如何作为ER的功能相互作用和变化？人与人之间的ER过程是如何相互关联的？ER如何在不同的时间尺度上进行处理（例如，“日”与“日”，“日”与“年”，“日”与“年”，“年”与“年”。所有这些过程如何与整个生命周期中心理社会功能的个体差异相关？**提出了三项研究。一致性研究将测试两个假设，为什么一致性一直难以证明经验上的样本120名本科生。情感动力学研究将研究人际情感的灵活性，在积极和消极的讨论中，并比较60个青少年（14-16岁）和本科生最好的朋友对之间的这种灵活性。时间尺度研究是每年（2-5年）对实验室中观察到的实时情绪动力学（灵活性）进行检查，并通过智能手机每天多次记录自我报告的情绪和ER，每年持续两周，每个年龄组60名参与者：青少年（12-14岁），本科生（18-20岁）和成人（35-50岁）。作为高质量HQP培训的一部分，拟议的成果是测试和进一步完善理论模型，在高影响力的出版物中解决5个研究问题，并开发和传播研究情绪过程的创新方法。这项研究计划将提供对影响所有加拿大人的ER的重要理解。

Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the mechanisms that effect change in the qualities of emotional processes. Individual differences in ER are central to intra- and inter-personal psychosocial functioning. Thus, understanding ER, individual differences in ER, how ER develops, and how ER functions in day-to-day life is crucial. The long-term objective of my research program is to provide deeper understanding of ER processes from childhood through adulthood through both theory and methods. The short-term objectives for the next 5 years are to better understand ER as both an intra- and inter-individual process using 3 approaches that hold the most promise for the field: (1) Emotion system concordance – the mutual amplification among physiological arousal, cognitive appraisals, and behavioural expressions of emotion. (2) Emotion dynamics – the rise and fall of or switching among emotional states (i.e., emotional flexibility). (3) Time scales – emotional dynamics occurring moment-to-moment, day-to-day, and year-to-year. This research is guided by 5 primary research questions: What is ER? How do dynamic physiological, cognitive, and behavioural processes interact and change as a function of ER? How do intra- and inter-personal ER processes relate to one another? How do ER processes at different time scales (e.g., moment-to-moment, day-to-day, year-to-year) relate to one another? How do all of these processes relate to individual differences in psychosocial functioning across the lifespan?******Three studies are proposed. The Concordance Study will test two hypotheses about why concordance has been difficult to demonstrate empirically in a sample of 120 undergraduates. The Emotion Dynamics Study will examine interpersonal emotional flexibility, within and across positive and negative discussions, and compare this flexibility between 60 adolescent (ages 14-16) and undergraduate best friend dyads. The Time Scale study is an annual (years 2-5) examination of real-time emotional dynamics (flexibility) observed in the lab and self-reported emotion and ER recorded via smartphone several times a day for two weeks a year in three age groups of 60 participants each: adolescents (aged 12-14), undergraduates (aged 18-20), and adults (aged 35-50). As part of high-quality HQP training, the proposed outcomes are to test and further refine theoretical models, address 5 research questions in high-impact publications, and develop and disseminate innovative methods for studying emotional processes. This research program will provide important understanding of ER that impacts all Canadians.