Emotion System Regulation: Concordance, Dynamics, and Time Scales

情绪调节（Emotion Regulation，ER）是指影响情绪过程质量变化的机制。ER的个体差异是内部和人际心理社会功能的核心。因此，了解ER，ER的个体差异，ER如何发展，以及ER如何在日常生活中发挥作用至关重要。我的研究计划的长期目标是通过理论和方法提供从童年到成年的ER过程的更深入的理解。未来5年的短期目标是更好地理解ER作为一个个体内和个体间的过程，使用3种方法，持有该领域最有前途的：（1）情绪系统一致性的生理唤醒，认知评价和情绪的行为表达之间的相互放大。(2)情绪动力学情绪状态的上升和下降或在情绪状态之间切换（即，情绪灵活性）。(3)时间尺度的情绪动态发生的每时每刻，日复一日，年复一年。本研究以5个主要研究问题为指导：什么是ER？动态的生理、认知和行为过程如何作为ER的功能相互作用和变化？人与人之间的ER过程是如何相互关联的？ER如何在不同的时间尺度上进行处理（例如，“日”与“日”，“日”与“年”，“日”与“年”，“年”与“年”。所有这些过程如何与整个生命周期中心理社会功能的个体差异相关？ 提出了三项研究。一致性研究将测试两个假设，为什么一致性一直难以证明经验上的样本120名本科生。情感动力学研究将研究人际情感的灵活性，在积极和消极的讨论中，并比较60个青少年（14-16岁）和本科生最好的朋友对之间的这种灵活性。时间尺度研究是每年（2-5年）对实验室中观察到的实时情绪动力学（灵活性）进行检查，并通过智能手机每天多次记录自我报告的情绪和ER，每年持续两周，每个年龄组60名参与者：青少年（12-14岁），本科生（18-20岁）和成人（35-50岁）。作为高质量HQP培训的一部分，拟议的成果是测试和进一步完善理论模型，在高影响力的出版物中解决5个研究问题，并开发和传播研究情绪过程的创新方法。这项研究计划将提供对影响所有加拿大人的ER的重要理解。

Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the mechanisms that effect change in the qualities of emotional processes. Individual differences in ER are central to intra- and inter-personal psychosocial functioning. Thus, understanding ER, individual differences in ER, how ER develops, and how ER functions in day-to-day life is crucial. The long-term objective of my research program is to provide deeper understanding of ER processes from childhood through adulthood through both theory and methods. The short-term objectives for the next 5 years are to better understand ER as both an intra- and inter-individual process using 3 approaches that hold the most promise for the field: (1) Emotion system concordance the mutual amplification among physiological arousal, cognitive appraisals, and behavioural expressions of emotion. (2) Emotion dynamics the rise and fall of or switching among emotional states (i.e., emotional flexibility). (3) Time scales emotional dynamics occurring moment-to-moment, day-to-day, and year-to-year. This research is guided by 5 primary research questions: What is ER? How do dynamic physiological, cognitive, and behavioural processes interact and change as a function of ER? How do intra- and inter-personal ER processes relate to one another? How do ER processes at different time scales (e.g., moment-to-moment, day-to-day, year-to-year) relate to one another? How do all of these processes relate to individual differences in psychosocial functioning across the lifespan? Three studies are proposed. The Concordance Study will test two hypotheses about why concordance has been difficult to demonstrate empirically in a sample of 120 undergraduates. The Emotion Dynamics Study will examine interpersonal emotional flexibility, within and across positive and negative discussions, and compare this flexibility between 60 adolescent (ages 14-16) and undergraduate best friend dyads. The Time Scale study is an annual (years 2-5) examination of real-time emotional dynamics (flexibility) observed in the lab and self-reported emotion and ER recorded via smartphone several times a day for two weeks a year in three age groups of 60 participants each: adolescents (aged 12-14), undergraduates (aged 18-20), and adults (aged 35-50). As part of high-quality HQP training, the proposed outcomes are to test and further refine theoretical models, address 5 research questions in high-impact publications, and develop and disseminate innovative methods for studying emotional processes. This research program will provide important understanding of ER that impacts all Canadians.